文档介绍：非谓语动词
非谓语动词,主要指在句子中表示一个动作但不能充当谓语,而是充当其他语法功能的词。非谓语动词有三种形式:
动词不定式:(to do) 现在分词和动名词:(doing) 过去分词:(done)
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特点,有时态和语态的变化,有自己的宾语和状语。
非谓语动词的句法功能
名称
语法功能
主语
宾语
宾语补足语
表语
定语
状语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
现在分词
√
√
√
√
√
√
过去分词
√
√
√
√
不定式、现在分词作主语
不定式、现在分词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。而动名词doing 表示****惯的,经常的动作。
To say is a thing, to do is another.. To save time is to lengthen life.
Playing with fire is dangerous. Looking after the patient is a nurse’s job.
不定式、现在分词作主语时,往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式或动名词放在谓语后面。如:
It took us two hours to finish the job.
It is impossible for us to get there on time.
It is very kind of you to help us.
it is nice talking with you.
it is really tiring working late like this.
注意:
(1)其他系动词如seem, appear等也可用于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较:
It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错) To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)
(3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构
“It’s + adj.+ of + sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”一般用表示人物的性格,(行为者即of后的sb)的性格、品质特征的形容词. ,用of sb,且of后的宾语能与前面的形容词构成主表关系. 这类形容词有:
good, bad, kind, nice, polite, clever, lazy, careful, careless, wise, silly, rude, foolish, stupid, brave, cruel, honest, :
It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)
It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say suc