文档介绍：句子成分分析
句子成分
主语 subject
谓语 predicate
宾语 object
表语 predicative
plement
定语 attribute
状语 adverbial
同位语 appositive
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
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主语
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谓
语
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定语
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宾
语
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同位语
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状
语
(subject):
主语是一个句子的主题,是句子所陈述的主体,一般
放于句首,可以是人,也可以是物,指动作的执行者。
例:那个学生问了老师一些问题.
The student asked the teacher some
questions.
主语
例:今天的天气非常好.
The weather is very nice today.
主语
作主语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、the +形容词和主语从句。
(predicate):
谓语一般是指主语的动作或状态,由动词或动词短语充当,位置一般放于主语后面。
例:他工作非常努力.
He works very hard.
谓语
例:今天的天气非常好.
The weather is very nice today.
谓语
例:他在字典里查出了这个单词.
He looked up the word in the dictionary.
谓语
作谓语的有:及物动词或不及物动词短语。以及系动词
3. 宾语(object):
宾语在句子中主要充当动作的承受者,一般放于及物动词之后。
例:老师把灯关了.
The teacher turned off the lights.
介宾
例:他们将不会伤害我们.
They won’t hurt us.
动宾
例:他在上个星期放弃吸烟了.
He gave up smoking last week.
介宾
宾语
动宾
介宾
,间接宾语指人.
He gave me some books.
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间接
宾语
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直接
宾语
●Please pass me the book.
●He bought me some flowers.
作宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、the +形容词和宾语从句。
4. 表语:(precative)
表语主要用于表述主语的特征,状态,身份等。它位于连系动词后,构成系表结构。
连系动词
例:我是一个老师.
I am a teacher.
表语
例:这种水果尝起来味道很好.
This kind of fruit tastes very delicious.
表语
(am, is, are, was, were)
(look, smell, hear, feel…)
+表语
(get/e/turn/keep/remain/stay)
例:那个女孩变得非常担心.
The girl got worried.
表语
作表语的有:名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。
5. 定语:(attribute)
定语是用来说明名词(代词)的品质与特征的词,形容词通常作定语。
这是一节生动有趣的课.
This is a lively and interesting class.
有一些难题要处理.
There is something difficult to deal with.
前置定语
后置定语
It took him quite a little time to get familiar with the routes ______ to the nest-shaped stadium.
花了很长时间他才熟悉通往鸟巢形的体育馆的路。
leading
定语
He is a clever boy.
They are building a stone bridge.
There are 54 students in our class.
Do you known Betty’s sister?
He bought some sleeping pills.
There is a sleeping baby in bed.
His spoken language is good.
I met a friend on my way home.
(形容词)
(名词)
(数词)
(名词的所有格)
(动名词)
(现在分词)
(过去分词)