文档介绍:该【Retrospective evaluation of the seasonality of canine tetanus in England (2006–2017) 49 dogs 2021 Daria Starybrat 】是由【芳官】上传分享,文档一共【4】页,该文档可以免费在线阅读,需要了解更多关于【Retrospective evaluation of the seasonality of canine tetanus in England (2006–2017) 49 dogs 2021 Daria Starybrat 】的内容,可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能,选择自己适合的文档,以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字,如需要获得完整电子版,请下载此文档到您的设备,方便您编辑和打印。Received:15January2019Revised:20September2019Accepted:4October2019
DOI:
BRIEFCLINICALCOMMUNICATION
Retrospectiveevaluationoftheseasonalityofcaninetetanusin
England(2006–2017):49dogs
DariaStarybratDVM,MVetMed,-CreedonDVM,
DACVECC2JenniferEllisBSc(Hons),BVetMed1KarenHummMA,VetMB,DACVECC,
DECVECC1
1DepartmentofClinicalScienceandServices,
RoyalVeterinaryCollege,Hatfield,UKAbstract
2DepartmentofSurgicalandRadiologicalObjective:ToevaluatetheseasonalityofcaninetetanusinEngland.
Sciences,SchoolofVeterinaryMedicine,
Methods:
UniversityofCalifornia,Davis,California,USA
diagnosedwithlocalizedorgeneralizedtetanusbetweenJanuary2006andJune2017
Correspondencewerestudied.
DariaStarybrat,HospitalforSmallAnimals,
Royal(Dick)SchoolofVeterinaryStudies,Results:Forty-
UniversityofEdinburgh,EasterBushCampus,significantlyhigherinthewinterwhencomparedwiththesummer(P=)and
MidlothianEH259RG,UK.
Email:daria.******@(P=),withthehighestnumberofcasesrecordedinFebruary.
Conclusions:TheprevalenceofcaninetetanusinEnglandwassignificantlyhigherin
-CreedonisanAssociate
EditoroftheJournalbutonlyparticipatedinwintermonths,especiallyinFebruary.
thepeerreviewprocessasanauthor.
Presentedinabstractformatthe18thannualKEYWORDS
EuropeanVeterinaryEmergencyandCriticalcaninetetanus,Clostridiumtetani,seasons
CareCongressinVenice,Italy.
1INTRODUCTION2MATERIALSANDMETHODS
Caninetetanusisanuncommonneuromusculardiseasecausedby
Medicalrecordsofasinglesmallanimalteachingreferralhospitalin
–5Althoughthere
tothehospitalbetweenJanuary2006andJune2017wereevaluated
arenodataregardingseasonalityofcaninetetanus,anecdotalevi-
dencesuggeststhattheprevalenceoftetanusindogsmaybehigher
inEmergencyandCriticalCare,Neurology,orInternalMedicinewere
,presen-
inoccurrenceofcaninetetanusmaydirectfurtherresearchtoward
tation,
understandingenvironmentalexposurefactorsandanimalcharacter-
orgeneralizedsignssuchaswrinkledforehead,erectears,retracted
,inturn,could
lips,stiffgait,andgeneralizedincreaseinmuscletonewereincluded.
increaseawarenessofthisrarediseaseamongveterinaryprofessionals
Dogswithevidenceofanotherneuromusculardiseasewereexcluded.
anddogownersandthedevelopmentofdiseasepreventionstrategies
Forthepurposeofthisstudy,itwasassumedthatthedogswerediag-
-
-
sonofthepresentationwererecorded,withseasonsoftheyearbeing
esizedthataseasonalvariationinoccurrenceofcaninetetanusexists
definedaswinter(December–February),spring(March–May),summer
inEngland.
(June–August),andfall(September–November).
ThisisanopenaccessarticleunderthetermsoftheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense,whichpermitsuse,distributionandreproductioninanymedium,provided
theoriginalworkisproperlycited.
©
;1–
2STARYBRATETAL.
Age,breed,sex,weight,-
Dependingonweightonadmission,dogswerecategorizedassmallures1and2,respectively.
(<10kg),medium(10–25kg),orlarge(>25kg).DataregardingTherewasastatisticallysignificantdifferenceinthemonthlypreva-
monthlycaseloaddistributioninthehospitalwererecorded,andlenceincaninetetanuspresentation(P=),withthehighest
thecorrelationbetweenthecaseloadandthemonthlydistributionnumberofcasesseeninFebruary(n=11)andnocasesrecorded
-
agerainfallandtemperaturesinEnglandforeachmonthbetweendistributionbetweenseasonsoftheyear(P=).Asignificant
January2006andJune2017wasobtainedfromagovernmentdifferenceinseasonalcasedistributionwasnotedbetweenwinter
(P=)andbetweenwinterandfall(P=).
EthicalapprovalforthisstudywasgrantedbytheSocialScienceTherewasnocorrelationbetweentheprevalenceoftetanusand
ResearchEthicalReviewBoardattheRoyalVeterinaryCollege(refer-,however,aweaknegative
enceURNSR2017-1392).correlationbetweentheprevalenceoftetanusandtheaverage
monthlytemperaturesinEngland(rS=–,n=138,P<;
Figure3).
DatawereassessedfornormalityusingtheShapiro–
Kruskal–Wallistestwasusedtoevaluatestatisticallysignificant
differencesinnumbersoftetanuscasespresentingtothehospi-Thisretrospectivecaseseriesaimedtoassesswhethertherewasasea-
talbetweeneachmonthoftheyear,aswellasbetween4sea-
–Bonferroniposthoctestwascon-inEnglandwasfoundtobesignificantlyhigherinwintermonthswhen
-valueof<-comparedwithsummerandfall,withthehighestnumberofcases
’
usedtoassessrelationshipbetweenthemonthlyprevalenceofwassimilartothatdescribedinpreviousretrospectivestudiesconsist-
caninetetanusandmonthlyhospitalcaseload,averagemonthlyingofpredominantlymediumandlargebreedsandayoungerpopula-
precipitation,–8
,cstudies,,thehighest
prevalenceoftetanusamongpeoplelivinginIndiawasinthepost-
monsoonseason(September–December).1Theauthorsfoundthatone
3RESULTSthirdoftetanuscasesoccurredinthetransitionperiodbetweenthehot
Forty-ninecasesofcaninetetanuswereidentifiedandincludedinthesuggestedthatthiswaslikelyrelatedtotheoccupationoftheaffected
(farmersandmanuallaborers),whoweremorelikelytocome
(n=13),LabradorRetriever(n=10),BorderCollie(n=4),Boxer(n=3),intocontactwiththetoxinviainjuriessustainedatworkduringthis
Pointer(n=3),DobermanPinscher(n=2),,highernumbersofadulttetanushavebeenrecorded
(n=2),andGoldenRetriever(n=2).Dataregardingweightwereavail-
ablefor33of49dogs,ofwhich13werelarge,17weremedium,andtoreducedactivity,increasedwearingofshoes,andincreasedwashing
,14neuteredfemales,
intactmales,
10monthsto9years(median,4y).AvailabledataregardingmonthlyinItaly,Canada,andJapanandhasbeenassociated,bysomeauthors,
–5
-
%.Spearman’srankcorrelationtestshowednotivereasoningfortheseasonalvariationsseen,itisunclearwhyasea-
caseload(P=).wasnotasimilarvariationinhospitalcaseloadoverthesamemonths,
-
relationbetweentetanuscaseloadandlowertemperaturessuggests
(MIDAS).NCASBritishAtmo-thatcoolerweatherconditionsmayleadtoincreasedcanineexpo-
-
fall.[Internet]:/
datasets#,-
b
SPSS,version24,SPSS,Inc.,Chicago,,suchastemperatureandhumidity,may
(version15).MicrosoftCorpora-
tion,Redmond,
FIGURE1MonthlyprevalenceofcaninetetanusinEngland
FIGURE2SeasonalprevalenceofcaninetetanusinEngland
-,lackofsignificantcorrelationbetweenthe
termonthsareoftenexposedtowetandmuddyconditions,lesspro-prevalenceoftetanusandmonthlyrainfallinEnglandmaybeduetoa
nouncedinwarmerseasons,whichmaypredisposetoincreasedcon-,theeffectof
taminationofwoundswithsoil--activitylevel,workingstatus,andenvironmentalexposure(urbanvs.
ingtoelucidatetheeffectofenvironmentalfactorsontheprolifera-rural)ofthedogsontheprevalenceoftetanuscouldnotbeassessed
,sporegermination,,becauseonly
,thetrueoccurrenceofcanine
,asamplesizecalculationtetanusininvestigatedregionsmaybehigherasmanyaffecteddogs
wasnotperformedpriortocommencementofthisstudyasaconve-,inturn,couldinfluencetheresults
,,inthe
underpoweringcouldhaveledtofindingadifferencewhereonedidnotcurrentstudy,thedateofdiagnosiswasusedtoevaluatetheseason-
exist(typeIerror),,however,maynotrepresentthedateofinitialsignsof
4STARYBRATETAL.
FIGURE3Monthlytetanusoccurrence,averagemonthlytemperatures(◦C),andrainfall(mm)inEngland
thedisease,theidentificationofwhichwouldrelyonownersandpri-,AkinyanjuOO,
,;83(1):55-58.
,:areviewofepidemiologicaland
thedateofexposuretospores,
clinicalfeaturesof102casesoccurringinthe10yearperiod1958–
,althoughtheseasonalpreva-;100(17):798-805.
lenceofcaninetetanusappearedtopeakinthewintermonths,,CotterB,CiofiDegliAttiM,MandoliniD,ParrocciniS,
–
;7(7):103-110.
earlier.
,AsoS,MatsuiH,FushimiK,
TheprevalenceofcaninetetanusinEnglandwassignificantlyhigherandoutcomesoftetanus:analysisusinganationalinpatientdatabasein
inwintermonths,-;44:388-391.
gatetheeffectofdifferentclimates,otherenvironmentalfactors,,.
;161(9):298-302.
,RozanskiEA,SteinbergT,
tetanusin20dogs:1988–;43(3):143-
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS148.
,DVM,DACVIM,