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aerospace
Review
ProgressofStewartVibrationPlatforminAerospace
Micro–VibrationControl
ZepengHe1,2,XiangchaoFeng2,YeqingZhu3,*,ZhiboYu4,ZhenLi2,YanZhang2,YinhangWang2,
PengfeiWang2,*andLiangyuZhao1,*
1SchoolofAerospaceEngineering,BeijingInstituteofTechnology,Beijing100081,China;
******@
2QianXuesenLaboratoryofSpaceTechnology,ChinaAcademyofSpaceTechnology,Beijing100094,China;
******@(.);******@(.);******@(.);
******@(.)
3SchoolofComputerScienceandTechnology,BeijingInstituteofTechnology,Beijing100081,China
4IntelligentEquipmentDivision,BeijingSunwiseIntelligentTechnologyCo.,Ltd.,Beijing100094,China;
******@
*Correspondence:******@(.);******@(.);******@(.)
Abstract:Inordertosupportthedevelopmentofhigh–precisionspacecraft,thecurrentstateofthe
Stewartvibrationisolationplatforminthefleldofaerospacemicro–,
basedonanalysesofthecausesandcharacteristicsofspacecraftmicro–vibration,theprinciples,
characteristics,advantagesanddisadvantagesoffourvibrationisolationtechnologiesaresumma-
,thedevelopmentprocessoftheStewartvibrationisolationplatform,fromstructural
proposalandtheoreticalcalculationtoapplicationinvariousflelds,,thecurrent
stateofkinematics,dynamicsandbrakingcontrolalgorithmsoftheStewartplatformisinvestigated,
andrelatedworkonrigid/flexibleplatformsinthefleldofaerospacemicro–vibrationisintroduced
,theideathattheStewartplatformcanbefabricatedby4Dprintingtechnology
Citation:He,Z.;Feng,X.;Zhu,Y.;Yu,
Z.;Li,Z.;Zhang,Y.;Wang,Y.;Wang,andadvancedcontrolstrategies,allowingforfurtherdevelopmentinthedirectionofanintegrated
P.;Zhao,,full–frequencyandmulti–functionplatformwithvariablestiffness.
VibrationPlatforminAerospace
Micro–:spacecraft;micro–vibration;vibrationisolationtechnology;Stewartplatform;activeand
2022,9,://
AcademicEditor:RosarioPecora
Received:
Accepted:9June2022Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyandhigh–precisionindustries
Published:15June2022intheworld,
Publisher’sNote:MDPIstaysneutralproductsandequipmentwithhighprecision,highdensity,andhighreliabilityisamajor
-
publishedmapsandinstitutionalaffll-tionis“vibration”.Negativevibrationwillaffectthefunctionofprecisioninstruments,
,andseriouslyrestrictthedevelopmentof
thehigh–precisionindustry[1–3].Sincethebeginningofthe21stcentury,withtherapid
developmentofspacetechnologyaroundtheworld,allkindsofspacecraftcarryinga
largenumberofhigh–precisionandpreciseequipmentarecontinuouslyenteringspace,
Copyright:©,communicationtransmission,
LicenseeMDPI,Basel,[4,5].Inaddition,spacecraftplatformsare
Thisarticleisanopenaccessarticledevelopingrapidlyinthedirectionofintegration,largescale,
distributedunderthetermsandaggravatetheinstabilityofspacecraft,causemoreseriousdisturbances,andmayhavea
conditionsoftheCreativeCommonssigniflcantimpactonthestableoperationofspacecraft[6].Therefore,howtosuppress
Attribution(CCBY)license(https://
negativevibrationandmaintainthegoodperformanceofspacecraftinorbitisstillahot
/
anddifflcultresearchissue[7].
/).
Aerospace2022,9,:///aerospace9060324:.
Aerospace2022,9,3242of20
Foraspacecraftinorbit,vibrationwillbegeneratedduetotheenvironmentalimpact
,forexam-
ple,themomentumwheel[8–10],solarsail[11,12],refrigerator[13,14],andsweeping
mechanism[15,16]
characterizedbysmallamplitude,widefrequencyband,sensitivity,inherentexistenceand
difflcultyinmeasurement[17].Scholarshavedividedthevibrationcharacteristicsofspace-
craftintothreecategories:quasi–staticmicro–vibration(),low–frequency
micro–vibration(–10Hz),andmedium–andhigh–frequencymicro–vibration(higher
than10Hz).’s
workingenvironmentisverysmall,micro–vibrationscanlastforalongtime,whichwill
worsentheworkingenvironmentofonboardinstruments[13]andevenleadtothefailure
ofspacemissions[18,19].Therefore,inordertoensurethenormaloperationofspacecraft
withhigh–precisionandprecisionequipment,itisnecessarytocontrolthemicrovibrations.
Inengineeringtechnology,vibrationisolationtechnologyisthemosteffectivemeans
tosuppressvibration[20].Accordingtothecharacteristicsoflow–frequencyvibration
ofon–orbitspacecraft,somequasi–zero–stiffnessisolatorscanbeused[21].However,
thiscontrolmethodisinthecategoryofpassivevibrationisolationandcannotmeetthe
,manyresearchershaveproposed
semi–active,active,andintegratedactive/passivevibrationisolationtechnology[22].The
mosttypicalandwidelyusedactivetechnology,withagreatvibrationisolationeffect,isthe
Stewartvibrationisolationplatformwithasix–degree–of–freedom(6–DOF)parallelmech-
–degree–of–freedomparallelplatformandcombiningthe
advantagesofanintelligentstructure,ithasthecharacteristicsofcompactstructure,strong
faulttolerance,largebearingcapacity,highpointingaccuracy,andstabledynamics[23].
Itcanbeusedasaconnectingdevicebetweenhigh–precisionspace–borneequipment
andthespacecraftbodytosuppressmicro–vibrations[13].Atthesametime,itisalso
widelyusedinmotionsimulation[24–27],industrialmanufacturing[23,28],mechanical
docking[25,29,30],micro–vibrationcontrol[31–33],andmedicalassistance[34–36].
Basedoncurrentresearch,therehasbeennosigniflcantqualitativechangeinthe
,withthedevelopmentof4Dprintingtechnology
andtheuseofalow–melting–pointalloyasavariablestiffnessmaterial,noveldevelopment
isthusnecessarytosummarizethedevelopmentprocessandresearchstatusoftheStewart
,thesourceofmicro–vibrationsandtheadvantagesanddisadvantages
,accordingtothe
characteristicsofhighmotionaccuracyandlargestiffnessmassratio,thedevelopment
processoftheStewartvibrationisolationplatforminthefleldofaerospacemicro–vibration
,thetheoreticalresearchresultsoftheplatforminthefleld
ofmicro–vibrationandtheresearchstatusoftherigid/flexibleplatforminthefleldof
aerospacemicro–,thedevelopmentofthenovelinte-
gratedomnidirectional,full–frequency,multi–functionalStewartplatformwithvariable
stiffnessandactivecontrolisproposedusingelectrothermalintelligentmaterialsand
low–melting–pointalloysassubstratesand4Dprintingtechnologyinordertomeetthevi-
brationisolation/dampingrequirementsofthecurrentspacecrafttowardthedevelopment
ofminiaturizationandintegration.
–Vibrations
–Vibrations
Micro–vibrationusuallyreferstomechanicalvibrationordisturbanceoccurringat
[37].Scholarshaveconductedagreatdealof
researchonthedynamicmicro–vibrationenvironmentofspacecraftandhavedividedthe
interferencesourceintothreefrequencybands[38],:.
Aerospace2022,9,xFORPEERREVIEW3of21
–Vibrations
–Vibrations
Micro–vibrationusuallyreferstomechanicalvibrationordisturbanceoccurringata
[37].Scholarshaveconductedagreatdealofre-
Aerospace2022,9,324searchonthedynamicmicro–vibrationenvironmentofspacecraftandhavedividedthe3of20
interferencesourceintothreefrequencybands[38],asshowninFigure1.
––vibrationsources.
Thethreefrequencybandsareasfollows:quasi–staticmicro–vibration(lessthan
),low–frequencymicro–vibration(–10Hz),andmedium–andhigh–frequencyThethreefrequencybandsareasfollows:quasi–staticmicro–vibration(lessthan
),low–frequencymicro–vibration(–10Hz),andmedium–andhigh–fre-micro–vibration(higherthan10Hz).Amongthem,quasi–staticmicro–vibrationismainly
quencymicro–vibration(higherthan10Hz).Amongthem,quasi–staticmicro–vibrationinducedbythermaldeformation,atmosphericresistance,gravitygradienteffect,and
solarradiationpressure,andthevibrationaccelerationis106g0(g0=,andthe
ismainlyinducedbythermaldeformation,atmosphericresistance,gravitygradienteffect,
samebelow).Low–frequencymicro–vibrationismainlyinducedbythelow–frequency−62
andsolarradiationpressure,andthevibrationaccelerationisoperationofspace–borneequipment,suchasthrusteroperation,liquidshaking,refrigerator10g0(g0=,and
thesamebelow).Low–frequencymicro–vibrationismainlyinducedbythelow–fre-operation,andattitudeadjustmentmovementofthesolarpanels[39].Thevibrationof
quencyoperationofspace–borneequipment,sulow–frequencymicro–vibrationisrandomandcomplex,andthevibrationaccelerationischasthrusteroperation,liquidshaking,
105g~–andhigh–frequencymicro–vibrationishigh,
refrigeratoroperation,andattitudeadjustmentmovementofthesolarpanels[39].The00
theamplitudeissmall,andtheaccelerationisgreaterthan102g0andismainlycausedby
vibrationoflow–frequencymicro–vibrationisrandomandcomplex,andthevibrationthehigh–frequencyoperationofspace–borneequipmentsuchassensorsandmomentum
accelerationiswheels[40–42].−−–andhigh–frequencymicro–
10~10g00g
Thesemicro–vibrationshavesmallamplitudeandawidefrequencybandandare−2
vibrationishigh,theamplitudeissmall,andtheaccelerationisgreaterthan10g0and
difflculttomeasure,diverse,andinherent,whichmakesthespacemechanicsenvironment
ismainlycausedbythehigh–frequencyoperationofspace–borneequipmentsuchassen-extremelycomplex[43].Theywillnotonlystimulatevibrationoftheoverallstructureof
sorsandmomentumwheels[40–42].,howtocontrolmicro–vibration
–vibrationshavesmallamplitudeandawidefrequencybandandare
difficulttomeasure,diverse,andinherent,whichmakesthespacemechanicsenviron-–Vibration
mentextremelycomplex[43].Theywillnotonlystimulatevibrationoftheoverallstruc-Micro–vibrationsuppressiontechnologymainlyreferstovibrationisolation,which
,howtocontrolmicro–
,vibration
isolationtechnologycanbedividedintopassive,semi–active,active,andintegratedactive–
passivevibrationisolationtechnology[13].Thesefourvibrationisolationtechnologies
–Vibrationarebrieflydescribedbelowintermsoftheprinciples,characteristics,structuraldesign
characteristics,–vibrationsuppressiontechnologymainlyreferstovibrationisolation,which
mainlyusescorrespondingactiveorpassivecomponentstoreducetheinterferenceen-
,vibration
Passivevibra