文档介绍：非谓语动词
动词不定式、分词(现在分词和过去分词)和动名词称作非谓语动词,在句中可以起名词、形容词或副词的作用,充当主语、表语、宾语、补语和状语。非谓语动词具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语、状语或逻辑主语。
一、非谓语动词的时态和语态
不定式
动名词
分词
现在分词
过去分词
一般时
to do
doing
doing
done
完成时
to have done
having done
having done
进行时
to be doing
完成进行时
to have been doing
having been doing
having been doing
不定式
动名词
分词
现在分词
过去分词
一般被动式
to be done
being done
being done
完成被动式
to have been done
having been done
having been done
二、复****难点
1、分词有现在分词和过去分词,主要起副词和形容词的作
用,可以作状语、定语、补语和表语。
(1)过去分词做表语与被动态中的区别:
过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态,而被动语态中的过
去分词只表示一个被动动作。
.
The door is locked. (门是锁着的。分词作表语,表示状态)
The door was locked by his mother. (门是他妈妈锁的。
过去分词构成被动。)
(2)不定式、现在分词与过去分词做主语补语(表语)时的区别:
A. 不定式和现在分词作主语补语时,意义上区别不大。
.
The most difficult job is to clean the greasy kitchen.
The most difficult job is cleaning the greasy kitchen.
B. 现在分词和过去分词作主语补语的区别:
.
The game sounds interesting.
(表示主语的特征,常用于事物。)
I am interested in the game.
(表示主语的状态,多用于人。)
常见的作主语补语的现在分词和过去分词有:
amused, amusing; astonished, astonishing;
bored, boring; shocked, shocking;
disappointed, disappointing; tired, tiring;
confused, confusing; discouraged, discouraging;
frightened, frightening; excited, exciting;
frustrated, frustrating; amazed, amazing;
interested, interesting; surprised, surprising;
fascinated, fascinating; offended, offending;
……
Exercises:
1. His remarks _________ Lisa.
She felt ________.
His remarks were ________ to her. (offend)
2. The lecture __________ us.
We were __________ with the lecture.
The lecture was __________. (bore)
3. Math ___________ Ann.
Ann is __________ by math.
Math is ___________. (frustrate)
4. The story _________ the children.
The children were _________ by the story.
The story was ________ . (amuse)
5. The film __________ Jeff.
Jeff was __________.
The film was ___________. (confuse)
6. The long journey _________ Jim.
Jim was __________ after the long journey.
The journey was __________. (tire)