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PerceivedQualityandSelf-Identityin
ScholarlyPublishing
LarsMoksness
UniversityLibraryandSchoolofBusinessEconomics,UiT—TheArcticUniversityofNorway,TromsøN-9037,
-mail:lars.******@
SveinOttarOlsen
SchoolofBusinessandEconomics,UiT—TheArcticUniversityofNorway,TromsøN-9037,Norway
Thepurposeofthestudywastounderstandifandhowstudyispartofaprojecttaskedwithinvestigatingopen
2proposedfacetsofself-identity(work-selfandcareer-access(OA)publishingbehavioramongresearchersinNor-
self)andjournals’perceivedquality(impact,visibility,,recentlyimplementedguidelinesforOA
andcontentquality)influenceandexplaintheintentionto
publishinopenaccess(OA)ornonopenaccess(non-(Regjeringen,2017a)outlinestepsandactionstobeunder-
OA),andto
theorywithinacross--reduceresearchfundingforpublishingintraditionalnon-
pleconsistsofabout1,600researchersinNorway,
thedatawerecollectedviae-mailinvitationusingadigitalopenjournals,depositingarticlesininstitutionalarchives,
surveyingtoolandanalyzedusingstructuralequation
-
impact-qualityincreasestheintentiontopublishnon-ges(APC)researchersmayincurforgold(thatis,journals
OA,),butnothybrid(thatis,
qualityisonlyassociatedwithnon-
visibilityincreasestheintentiontopublishOA,whilethe
oppositeeffectisfoundfornon--selfsalienceanAPC)
hasthestrongesteffectonimpact-quality,-
qualityismostimportantwhenwork-(NorwegianResearchCouncil,2018)
researchcontributestoadeeperunderstandingaboutinformedthatresearchersinNorwaypublished25,000schol-
howperceivedqualityinfluencesintentiontopublishinarlyarticlesin2017,ofwhich90%wereinEnglish.
OAandnon-OAjournals,andhowself-identitysalience
affectsdifferentfacetsofperceivedqualityinvalenceandAccordingtothereport,~3,000ofthesearticleshavebeen
-publishedinaDirectoryofOpenAccessJournal(DOAJ)-
ment,implementation,andassessmentandmaycontrib-
,analyze,andchange
researchers’attitudesandbehaviorsinrelationtothedis-
,giventhecentral
Fundersandpolicy-makersareincreasinglyrecognizingthatwithoutresearcherstherewouldbenoscholarlylitera-
theimportanceofimprovingaccesstoresearchfundedbyture;hence,understandingwhatdrivesresearchers’dissem-
publicmoney(Björk,2017).However,acommondenomi-inationintentionsshouldbeofthehighestpriorityto
natorofguidelinesofthistypeistheapparentlackofstrat-governmentsandpolicy-makersalike,especiallygiventhe
egiessystematicallydescribinghowandwhyresearchersconsequencesoffailingtomeettherequirementsofthe
.
AlthoughthegrowthofOAhasbeenpromising(Laakso
etal.,2011;Solomon,Laakso,&Björk,2013),researchers
ReceivedMay2,2018;revisedJanuary20,2019;
21,2019parttoincentivesystemsfavoringnon-OAjournals,suchas
©2019ASIS&T•PublishedonlineMonth00,2019inWileyOnlinethelargenumberofhigh-tierednon-OAjournalscompared
Library().DOI:
JOURNALOFTHEASSOCIATIONFORINFORMATIONSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY,00(0):1–11,2019:.
,,broadcatego-
theirresearchavailableinthebest-qualityjournalsduetoriesofOAhavealsobeenused(forexample,Dulle&
requirementsfromtheirinstitutions,asamarkofthequalityMinishi-Majanja,2011;Khalili&Singh,2012),although
oftheirwork,butalsotoachievestatusandearntherespectitisnotcommontomeasurenon-OAintentionsaswell.
ofpeers(Warlick&Vaughan,2007;Xia,2010).Thisstudy,further,willemployalatentfactorstructural
However,externalinfluencessuchasperceptionsofjour-modelingapproachwiththreedimensionsofperceivedjour-
nalqualityarenottheonlymotivationalfactorsdrivingaca-nalquality(impact,visibility,andcontentquality),andtwo
,personal,orindividualvaluesdimensionsofself-identity(work-selfandcareer-self)among
anddifferencesaresuggestedtoinfluencescholarlypublish-aNorwegiansampleofresearchers.
ing(Dulle&Minishi-Majanja,2011;Khalili&Singh,
2012;Togia&Korobili,2014).Spanningdecades,social
TheoreticalFramework
psychologyhasbothempiricallyandtheoreticallyinves-
tigatedindividuals’conceptsofself-identityandself-Theconceptualmodelusedhereinisbasedonanattitu-
categorization(Stets&Burke,2000;Tajfel,Billig,Bundy,&dinalapproachwithintentionastheultimatedependent
Flament,1971;Turner,1985),andhowthesestructuresarevariable(Eagly&Chaiken,1993).Intentionisviewedas
shapedandinteractinvarioussocialandorganizational“indicationsofaperson’sreadinesstoperformabehavior”
settings(Ashforth&Mael,1989;Hogg&Terry,2000).(Fishbein&Ajzen,2010,).Inthisarticletheviewis
Forexample,itissuggestedtobeapositiverelationshiptakenthatintentionalbehaviorisamoresuitable“behavioral
betweenworkidentityandworkperformance(vanindicator”thanthefrequencyofpastpublishingbehavior,
Knippenberg,2000),includingacademicperformance(Jain,sinceOApublishingisnewcomparedtonon-OApublish-
George,&Maltarich,2009).Arguably,,intentiontobehaveisfrequentlyusedasa
salientcontributionsemanatingfromtheseeffortsareiden-dependentvariableinavarietyofbehavioralsettings
tityandsocialidentitytheory(seeStets&Burke,2000).(Fishbein&Ajzen,2010),includingself-identity(Han&
Inshort,individualspossessseveralrelativelyenduringStoel,2017),perceivedquality(Das,2014),andOApub-
conceptsofself,whichvaryinsalience,valence,andperfor-lishing(Dulle&Minishi-Majanja,2011;Khalili&Singh,
,inrelationtoaca-2012;Park,2007).Typically,severalfactorsthatcomprisea
demicpublishing,salientidentificationcouldderivefromaperson’sattitudes,normativeinfluences,andbehavioralcon-
,ortheover-
enjoyment(self-id),oritcouldbecontingentonsharedallpositiveandnegativeevaluationoftheattitudeobject
characteristicsandvalueswithpeers(careerorsocialid)(forexample,attitudetopublishOA),areconsistentlyfound
(vanKnippenberg,2000).tohavethestrongesteffectonintention(Armitage&
Themainpurposeofthisstudyistointroduceaconcep-Conner,2001).
tualmodeldiscussingandtestingifandhowtwonovelStudieshavefoundthatresearchers’publishinginten-
facetsofself-identity(work-selfandcareer-self)arerelatedtionsaremostlikelyaffectedbyperceptionsoftheoverall
todifferentfacetsofjournals’perceivedquality(impact,quality(orattitude)ofthejournalinwhichtheywantto
visibility,andcontentquality)andtheirabilitytoexplainpublish(forexample,Lowry,Humpherys,Malwitz,&Nix,
intentiontopublishOAornon--2007).AccordingtoZeithaml(1988),perceivedquality
videadditionalknowledgeandrecommendationstothecanbedefinedassubjectivepositiveandnegativeevalua-
-orderabstractionsofaproductora
Furthermore,researchontheattitude–behaviorrelationshipservice,separatefromobjectivequality,andresembling
behaviorcanderivefromvarioussources(Fishbein&foundtoincreaseprofitabilityandaffectmarketshareand
Ajzen,2010;Sheeran,2002),includingperceptionsofqual-price(Aaker,2009),itiscrucialtounderstandhowthis
ity(forexample,Das,2014)andself-identity(forexample,-
Han&Stoel,2017).ceivedqualityhaspreviouslybeenidentifiedasanimpor-
InNorway,themajorityofresearchersarenotfamiliartantantecedentofintentionsinadigitalenvironment(Chi,
withthedifferentmethodsanddistinctionsofachievingYeh,&Yang,2009;Grabner-Kräuter&Kaluscha,2003),
OA,asdeterminedbypretestworkofanearlierstudycon-includingscholarlypublishing(Catling,Mason,&Upton,
ductedbytheauthors(Moksness&Olsen,2017).Conse-2009;Moksness&Olsen,2018).Previousstudieshave
quently,inthisinvestigationOAandnon-OApublishingidentifiedadditionalfactorsthatactonpublishingdeci-
areframedatagenerallevel,andastheypertaintoarticlessions,includingjournalimpactfactor(Knight&Steinbach,
freelyavailableorbehindapaywall,),accesstype(Dulle&Minishi-Majanja,2011;Khalili&
approachleavessomedefinitionaluncertaintyinrelationtoSingh,2012),contentquality(Bjork&Solomon,2012),and
howtoconceptualizehybridOA,whichisthetermforpeerreview(Tenopiretal.,2015).
articles“freedup”inajournalthatissubscription--identityissuggestedtobeanimportantmotiva-
TomaintainaglobalandgeneraldefinitionofOA,hybridtionalfactorinexplainingindividuals’attitudesandbehav-
OAwillbeconsideredasOAwithintheframeworkofthisiorinanorganizationalcontext(Hogg&Terry,2000).
2JOURNALOFTHEASSOCIATIONFORINFORMATIONSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY—Month2019
DOI::.
Identitytheorymaintainsthattheprocessesthatcomprisejournalsandarticles),visibility,reputation,andqualityof
self-categorizationsandself-identificationemanatefromthepeerreview(Chang,2017;Knight&Steinbach,2008;
reflectivepropertiesofgroupmembershipandassignedWarlick&Vaughan,2007;Xia,2010).Perceivedquality
roles(Conner&Armitage,1998;Stets&Burke,2000).Inhaspreviouslybeenidentifiedasanimportantcontributor
thecontextofscholarlypublishing,researchers’identitiestoresearchers’intentiontopublishinscholarlyjournals
aretightlylinkedtoarolewhereinmembershipisdeter-(Moksness&Olsen,2018).Thisstudydefinesperceived
minedby,amongotherthings,theproductionandpublica-qualityasaglobalconceptpertainingtoresearchers’sub-
,Henkel(2005)jectiveevaluationofindicatorsthatdeterminewhethera
labelsacademicsas“definers,producers,transmitters,andjournalisappropriateforsubmittingresearcharticles
arbitersofadvancedknowledge”().,thisstudyutilizesthreedistinctfactorsin
studyreliesontheviewofferedbyConnerandArmitagemeasuringperceivedquality,eachfactorreflectingdifferent
(1998),whodefineself-identityas“-
actor’,thevisibilitypotentialof
theextenttowhichanactorseeshim-orherselfasfulfill-articlespublishedinthejournal,andthequalityofitscon-
ingcriteriaforanysocietalrole”().Researchers’
identities,then,derivefrombelongingnesstoagroupcorrespondtothereliabilityandqualityofajournal’sprod-
(researchers)and,atleastpartly,howoneperformshisoructanditsservice,andthusresonatewiththeperceived
herrolewithinthisgroup(publishesarticles).Researchers’qualityindicatorsanddimensionschartedbyAaker(2009).
rolesaresuggestedtobeassociatedwiththeirself-workPerhapsthemostcontestedandreveredproxyforqual-
identity,careerdevelopment,job-attitude,orothercross-ityisthejournalimpactfactor,ametricwhich,inciden-
cuttingidentitiesinanorganizationalenvironment(Ashforth&tally,iscloselylinkedtoperceivedjournalqualityand
Johnson,2001;vanKnippenberg,2000;vanKnippenberg&prestige(Hall&Page,2015).Thisstudyacknowledges
vanSchie,2000).that,althoughthejournalimpactfactorisnotnecessarilya
Thisstudycontributestotheexistingliteratureinlibraryrobustmeasureofjournalquality(Lozano,Larivi