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第一部分阅读(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
TheBestPlacetoCampinEachState
Washington-SecondBeach,OlympicNationalPark
,photograph
sunsetovertheseaandtrytoabsorbthischarmingspotwithyourentirebeing.
Alaska-BartlettCoveCampground,Glacier(冰川)BayNationalPark
Inastatefullofnaturalriches,GlacierBayisawonder,hometohighpeaks,whales,700milesofcoastline,and
,thepark's
onlycampgroundisimpressivelygreenandaneasyjumping-offpointforboattours.
Arizona-HavasupaiCampground,HavasupaiReservation
(剥夺)upalmostinstantly,andevenifyougetone
it'sa10-,
however,andyou'rerewardedwithaseriesofgreatwaterfallsandnaturalpools.
Arkansas-BuffaloNationalRiver
America'sfirstnationalrivertravels135milesthroughtheOzarkMountains,windingitswayoverrapids,
aleisurelypace,pausingforhikestovisitLostValley'scavesorthe200-footwaterfalls.
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-.
B
outthememorieswe’vemadewhilewe’reawake,
activeprocess,
processduringthedifferentperiodsofsleep.
Theyfoundthatduringtherapideyemovement(REM)sleepperiod—oractivesleepwhenwearethought
todream—
melanin-concentratinghormone-producing(MCH)neurons(神经元)sitinthehypothalamus(下丘脑):apartof
thebrainwhichhelpswitharangeoffunctionssuchassleep,
thesecellshelptocontrolREMsleeppatterns:activatingtheMCHneuronsincreasingtimespentinthisperiod,
whilepreventingthemreducingchangesintothisperiod.
ThescientistslookedatMCHcellsinmice,,compared
-authorThomasKilduff,directoroftheCenterfor
NeuroscienceatSRIInternational,toldNewsweektheteamwassurprisedtofindthatmiceperformedbetteron
learningandmemorytaskswhentheMCHcellswereprevented.“ThisresultsuggeststhatactivationoftheMCH
neuronsmayaffectmemory—thatis,MCHneuronsmayfacilitateforgetting,”Kilduffexplained.
Whenaskedwhatmotivatedthestudy,Kilduffsaid,“Wehopetheworkcoulddeepenourunderstandingof
Alzheimer’
researchbecauseofitseffectsonoureverydaylives,aswellasdiseasessuchasAlzheimer’
work,noonesuspectedthatMCHneuronshadanythingtodowithforgetting,”saidKilduff.
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“them”inparagraph2referto?
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’steamconducttheresearch?
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’sdisease.
’sforgetting.
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C
HiddenbeneaththesurfaceintherootsofEarthsastonishinganddiverseplantlife,thereexistsabiological
superhighwaylinkingtogetherthemembersoftheplantkingdominwhatresearcherscallthe"woodwideweb".
Thenetworkiscomprisedofthinthreadsoffungus(真菌)thatgrowoutwardsundergrounduptoafew
metersfromitspartneringplant,meaningthatalloftheplantlifewithinaregionlikelyconnectedtooneanother.
Thepartnershipisbeneficialforbothpartiesinvolved,plantsprovidecarbohydrates(碳水化合物)tothefunguses
andinexchange,thefungusesaidingatheringwaterandprovidingnutrientstoitspartneringplant.
AstudyconductedbyRensenZengoftheSouthChinaAgriculturalUniversityfoundthatthisalsoallowedfor
oneanotherforupcomingdanger.
LikeourInternet,,suchasGoldenMarigoldshave
beenfoundtoreleasepoisonsintothenetworktoslowdownthegrowthofsurroundingplantsinthefightfor
,suchasthePhantomOrchid,donothavethechlorophyll(叶绿素)andmustgetthe
necessarynutrientsfromsurroundingplants.
Researchsuggeststhatanimalssuchasinsectsandwormsmaybeabletodetectslightexchangesofnutrients
throughthenetwork,allowingthemtomoreeasilyfinddeliciousrootstofeedon;however,thishasnotbeen
,themoreour
,wemaybeabletomapout
thesecomplexnetworksentirely.
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D
Hardwareingeneral,andsmartphonesinparticular,havebecomeahugeenvironmentalandhealthproblem
intheGlobalSouth'slandfillsites(垃圾填埋场).
Electronicwaste(e-waste)currentlytakesup5percentofallglobalwaste,anditissettoincreaserapidlyas
moreofusownmorethanonesmartphone,laptopandpowerbankTheyendupinplaceslikeAgbogbloshieon
theoutskirtsofGhana'scapital,-wastedumpintheworld,where10,000informalworkers
thepreciousmetalsthatarefoundinabandonedsmartphones.
,a1989treaty,aimstopreventdevelopednations
fromunauthorizeddumpingofe--waste
industry,however,circumventsregulationsbyexportinge-wastelabelledas"secondhandgoods'topoorcountries
likeGhana,knowingfullwellhatitisheadingforalandfillsite.
:
smartphonescontainchemicalslikemercury(水银),leadandevenarsenic(***).Reportedly,oneeggfroma
free-rangechickeninAgbogbloshiecontainedacertain
chemicalwhichcancausecanceranddamagetheimmunesystematalevelthat'sabout220timesgreaterthana
limitsetbytheEuropeanFoodSafetyAuthority(EFSA).Mostworryingly,thesepoisonouschemicalsarefreeto
,sincesomeofGhana'stopexportsarecocoa
andnuts.
Somegovernmentshavestartedtotakeresponsibilityfortheirconsumers',Germanyhas
startedaprojectthatincludesasustainablerecyclingsystematAgbogbloshie,alongwithahealthclinicfor
,governmentscannotsolvetheproblemalone,asthereisanalmostlimitlessconsumerdemand
forhardware,especiallywhengovernments'greenpoliciesarefocusedonissueslikeclimatechange.
throughencouraginghardwaremanufacturerstomaketherepair,reuseandrecyclingofhardwareprofitable,orat
leastcost-neutral
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"circumvents"inParagraph3mean?
?
’simmunesystem
'sexports
'sstandards
-wasteproblem?
'developingasustainablehardwareeconomy
’adjustingtheirgreenpoliciesaboute-waste.
'demandsforelectronicproducts
’urgingthegovernmenttomakeeffectivepoliciestoensuremoreprofit.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项
Friendsshouldalwaysbehonestwithyou,right?Sowhentheylie,
trustyourfriendsandthatmeansknowingthatthey’
doesthishappen?
___17___
’tunderstand
thedifferencebetweenbeinggentlyhonestwithafriendandbeingsostraightforwardthattheyleaveaverbal
.
Theyfeelembarrassed.
Sometimesfriendswilllieaboutthingsintheirlifebecausetheyaretooembarrassedtoadmitthetruth.
Maybetheyaregoingthrougharoughtimeandtheyjustdon’
(纠缠)yourfriendsintotellingyouwhat’
Avoidanargumentwithyou.
Perhapsyourfriendsknowthatiftheytellyouthetruth,you’
friendtellsyousomethingunpleasant,youdon’,doitina
respectableway.
Excludeyou.
Lyingisn’talwaysasignthatfriendsaretryingtoprotectyou,
certaintythatyourfriendislyingtoyou,’t
wanttobearoundyou,that’syourwake-uptomoveon.
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’talwaystryingtohurtyou.
’sbeingsaidandwhyyourfriendistellingyouthis.
.
’twantyoutobeincludedintheirplans.
,makeitclearthatyouarethereforthemwhenandiftheyarereadytotalk.
第二部分语言运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节(共20小题;,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
IwenttoaNewYorkMetsfantasycampin1991,andIwasfortunatetobeonateamforaweekwhose
pitching(投球)
,treatingusasifweweremajorleaguers.
Atlast,
knewabouthisdiagnosis(诊断),asuitable___25___appearedduringa
championshiprun,sohetook___26___fromtheYankeestoundergoastemcelltransplant(干细胞移植).
In2002,Iwas___27___bydesperationbecauseIwasdiagnosedwiththesamediseaseandneededastem
,,my
—forallofan
.“Ifeelgreat,soI’mnot___32___,”,heendedthe___33___bygiving
mehishomephonenumber!
onTVasI___35___formytransplant,Irepeatedtomyself,“’ll___36___.”
Thegreatnewsisthatmydoctorstoldmemy___37___wentintoremission(缓解)thankstothesuccessful
transplant—,Ihavespokentomany___39___withthesame