文档介绍：该【(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句) 】是由【小屁孩】上传分享，文档一共【8】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句) 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第1页
英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷长难句)
英语中句子最基本的句式只有五种,其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转
换而来。五种基本句式如下:
1主语+谓语(不及物动词)
2主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
3主语+系动词+表语
4主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
5主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
此外还有特殊句式如therebe-,强调句,倒装句等。
但是在真实的语言环境中,句子结构远非这么简单。复杂主语、复杂宾语、
复杂介词短语,还有各种复杂的定语和状语等修饰成分让句子变得异常复杂。高
考阅读理解、完型填空和语法填空经常出现结构复杂的长难句,影响考生对语篇
文段的理解。另外,新高考将包括两个写作题:读后续写(概要写作)和应用文写
作。在评分标准中把“尽力使用较复杂语法结构”视为是否得高分的标准之一。
因此,学会分析长难句显得格外重要。
一个句子之所以成为长难句,就是因为句子各部分成分和结构复杂,具体说
就是句中出现了复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂修饰语(介词短语、非谓语动词、定
语和状语)以及各种从句等。下面分类解析:
一、复杂主语
包括下列情形:含有连词如and,both...and...,either...or...,neither...nor...,not
only...but(also),aswellas;非谓语动词做主语;主语从句充当主语;同位语结构
做主语等。如:
Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedin
elementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(从事)indangerousandrisky
behavior.”(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D)(aswellas连接thosewho...与thoseleast
liked...做主语)
1
(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第1页
(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第2页
Thegunnersliketodescribewhattheydoascharacter-building,butweknow
thattowoundananimalandwatchitgothroughtheagony(痛苦)ofdyingcanmake
nobodyhappy.(动词不定式todo结构做主语)
Connectingtothecommunity(社区)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservices
providesarealjoy.(2019高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B)(-ing形式做主语)
Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeep
relationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.(2018全国Ⅱ卷
阅读理解D)(-ing形式做主语)
Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes.(2019高考全国Ⅰ
卷阅读理解B)(主语从句充当主语)
Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowithin
100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusiness...(2016全国甲卷阅读理
解D)(同位语结构做主语)
二、主谓之间被介词短语、定语从句或非谓语动词分隔
,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,isleavingLondonforParis.
SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholived
.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(2016
全国丙卷语法填空)
FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewthe
Antarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeen
published.(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D)
Accordingtothereport'skeyfindings,“theproportion(比例)whosaythey
‘never’or‘hardlyever’readforfunhasgonefrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9
percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectively
today.”(2018全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)
Thewomansittingatthedesk,seeingmymadness,sympathetically
jumpedup.(2016全国甲卷完形填空)
三、复杂表语
包括非谓语动词、表语从句等。
2
(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第2页
(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第3页
One(reason)wasthatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeel
muchbetterafterseeingadoctor.(2019高考全国卷Ⅱ短文改错)(表语从句中还含
有一个同位语从句)
Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspoken
bymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.(2018
全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)(表语从句中还含有while并列句)
四、复杂宾语
包括非谓语动词、(并列)宾语从句(介词后和动词后)等。
onaplaydate--sharing,kindness,openness--carryovertolateryearsandmakeyou
betterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.(2019全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D)(宾语从句
中含有定语从句)
Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoung
mapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboring
plantscanget.(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D)(宾语从句中含有-ing形式和定语从句)
Inordertopasstheclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperon
①howweplantoapply②whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessions
and,eventually,toourlives.(2018全国卷Ⅱ完形填空)(①是介词on所带的宾语从
句,②是动词apply所带的宾语从句)
Axaniwroteinhispost①thatheisnotlookingforanythinginreturnand
②thatthewomanwhousestheextraticketcanchoosetoeithertravelwithhimor
taketheticketandtravelonherown.(2017全国Ⅲ卷完形填空)(wrote带有2个由
that引导的宾语从句,第②个宾语从句含有who引导的定语从句)
五、复杂定语
包括非谓语动词、形容词短语、介词短语、(多个)定语从句等。
It’sanamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgenerous
supportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.(2017全国卷
Ⅰ阅读理解A)(省略了that/which的定语从句)
3
(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第3页
(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第4页
TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDelicious
andRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeof
classicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.
(2016全国新课标丙卷阅读理解C)(who引导定语从句)
ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthe
mid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunit
caringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016全国新课标乙卷语法填
空)(when引导的定语从句中含有-ed形式和-ing形式做定语)
ThursdayseesusmaketheshortjourneytoPariswherewewillvisitDisneyland
Parispark,stayinguntillatetoseetheparadeandthefireworks.(2018全国卷Ⅱ阅读
A)(where引导定语从句)
Readersalsotendedtosharearticles①thatwereexcitingorfunny,or②that
inspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticles③thatleftthem
merelysad.(2016全国新课标丙卷阅读理解D)(含有三个that引导的定语从句)
Also,itisnotuncommonanymoretofindcarpenters(木匠)withcollege
degreesandcarpenterswithasolidknowledgeofmathematics,whichwouldenable
themtodealwithmoredifficulthousedesigns.(含有两个with介词短语做定语和
which引导的定语从句)
Now,usingteethandbonepiecestakenfromthebaby’sgrave,scientistshave
comparedtheDNAfromtheUnknownChildwiththosecollectedfrommembersof
fivefamilieswholostrelativesontheTitanicandneverrecoveredthebodies.(含有两
个-ed形式做定语和who引导的定语从句)
六、复杂同位语(同位语从句)
Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencethattheyrangealltheway
acrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2019全国Ⅰ卷语法填
空)
ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheSting
fouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,we
bothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B)(that
引导同位语从句,同位语从句内部含有although引导的状语从句)
4
(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第4页
(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第5页
Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshould
putsomethingback---hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWall
campsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthe
festival.(2017年全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B)(that引导同位语从句,同位语从句内部含有
if引导的状语从句)
七、复杂状语
包括介词短语、非谓语动词、(多个)状语从句等。
Withthecollegeentranceexaminationaroundthecorner,allthestudentsare
occupiedwiththeirrevision.(with介词短语做状语)
BytranslatingtherichandhumouroustextofLove’sLabour’sLostintothe
physicallanguageofBSL(英式手语),DeafinitelyTheatrecreatesanewinterpretation
ofShakespeare’scomedyandaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworlds
byperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience.(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解A)(两个by
介词短语做状语)
Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakean
excellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.(2018全国卷Ⅱ
阅读B)(-ed形式做状语)
TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectric
carintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthe
challengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.
(2017全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解D)(动词不定式todo做状语)
①DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight,myhappinessdeepened②whenI
learnedthatBrown’sGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewly
openedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton,where——luckilyforme——Iwas
planningtohavedinnerthatverynight.(2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解B)(as和when
引导状语从句)
Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,therewere
morethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthe
totalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirds
intheworld.(2014全国新课标Ⅰ阅读理解B)(when引导状语从句中,含有-ing形
式做状语)
Giventhatmanypeople'smoods(情绪)areregulatedbythechemicalactionof
chocolate,itwasprobablyonlyamatteroftimebeforesomebodymadethechocolate
5
(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第5页
(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第6页
shopsimilartoadrugstoreofChinesemedicine.(2013全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解C)
(-ed形式做状语,before引导状语从句)
Inasecondstudypresentedatthemeeting,scientistsfromtheUKandDenmark
showedthatevenafewdaysofhightemperaturescanseverelyreduceproductionof
crops,suchaswheat,soyabeans,riceandgroundnuts(花生),ifitoccurswhenthe
plantsareflowering.(福建卷)(if和when引导状语从句)
Accordingtothestudy,ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog,andiftheyare
introducedwhenstillyoung(lessthan6monthsforcats,ayearfordogs),itishighly
probablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.(2011广东卷B)(两个if引
导并列状语从句)
八、多个从句且从句套从句
Helikes①thathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeper
②withwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasis③ifhewantstohavealittleinteraction(交
流).((2019高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C)(①是宾语从句,②是定语从句,③是
状语从句)
Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyaware①thatinthatboxyou’ve
gotsomething②thatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.(2016全国乙
卷阅读理解C)(①是宾语从句,②是定语从句)
Therefore,①whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenly
stops,②whatmaybeimplied(暗示)is③thatthepersonwantsthelistenerto
consider④whathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.(2016全国新课标乙卷阅读理解
D)(①是状语从句,②是主语从句,③是表语从句,④是宾语从句)
①Ifsomeoneknocksandit’snotanimportantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthe
personknow②you’rebusysotheycangetthehint(暗示)③that④whenthedooris
closed,you’renottobedisturbed.(2017全国Ⅱ卷阅读七选五)(①是状语从句,②
是宾语从句,③是同位语从句,④是状语语从句)
Butyoucan’tbesuccessful①whenthere’salackoftrustinarelationship
②thatresultsfromanaction③wherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthe
mistake.(2015全国新课标Ⅰ阅读七选五)(①是状语从句,②是定语从句,③
是定语从句)
Cursingmymisfortune,Iwaswondering①whereIwasgoingtospendthenight
whenIrealizedthatthevillagers②whohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto
③whoshouldhavethehonorofreceivingmeasaguestintheirhouse.(2007高考广
6
(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第6页
(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第7页
东卷)(①是宾语从句,②是定语从句,③是宾语从句)
Studiesshow①thatsocialsciencemajorsaremostsuitedforchange,②which
istheleadingfeatureofthekindofhighspeed,highpressure,high-techworld③we
nowlivein.(①是宾语从句,②是定语从句,③是定语从句)
Itisimportant①becauseitshows②thatregularphysicalexerciseenablesusto
makebetteruseoftheoxygen③webreatheinand④thatthistraining,infact,
reducestheamountofwork⑤ourheartsdo.(辽宁卷)(①是状语从句,②是宾语
从句,③是定语从句,④是并列宾语从句,⑤是定语从句)
九、复杂并列句(包含从句)
Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,
jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlife
andwork.(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D)
Wewent10-1andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer,butIoftenhadcrazy
dreamsinwhichIwastoblameforMiller’saccident.(2016全国丙卷完形填
空)
Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoften
lessself-conscious(难为情)whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces——andsomorelikely
toeatlotsoffood..(2015全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解B)
Whentheweatherisfairandsettled,theyareclothedinblueandpurple,and
printtheirbeautifulshapesonthecleareveningsky,butsometimeswhenitis
cloudless,graysteamgathersaroundthetopofthemountainswhich,inthelastrays
ofthesettingsun,willshineandlightuplikeacrownofglory.(2004全国卷)
十、多个非谓语动词
Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,①hopingthatthebookwill
haveanadventure,②travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.
(2016全国甲卷阅读理解C)
Hereportedthecasetothepoliceandthensatthere,①lostandlonelyina
strangecity,②thinkingoftheterribletroublesof③gettingallthepaperwork
④organizedagainfromadistantcountrywhile⑤trying⑥tosettledowninanew
7
(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第7页
(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第8页
one.(2014全国新课标Ⅱ阅读理解A)
2019年全国卷中出现的倒装句
,butitisalsoresponsiblefor
thoseoutcomes,too.(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D)(notonly开头的倒装句)
-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertime
.(2019高考全国Ⅰ
卷阅读理解D)(so开头的倒装句)
,74percent,accordingto
statisticsfromthereport.(2019高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解C)(only开头的倒装句)
,notonlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedby
China-someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."
(2019高考全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解B)(notonly开头的倒装句)
5."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoarethe
consumers,"shesays.(2019高考全国Ⅲ卷阅读理解B)(so开头的倒装句)
8
(完整版)英语长难句结构分析(含2019年高考全国1-3卷试题长难句)--第8页