文档介绍：Learning Strategies
西北师范大学外国语学院凌茜
Language Learning Strategies
. Since the mid of the 1970s, researches on language learning strategies have been developed prosperously, mainly in the following areas:
1) learning strategies used by good language learners;
2) differences in the use of learning strategies between essful and essful language learners;
Language Learning Strategies
3) the correlation between strategy use and
language performance;
4) factors affecting the use of language learning
strategies;
5) the way of language learning strategies
training and its effectiveness.
Definition
Rubin (1975) defined strategies as “ the techniques or devices, which a learner may use to acquire knowledge”.
Rubin (1987) proposed, “language learning strategies are strategies which contribute to the development of the language system which the learner constructs and affect learning directly”.
Definition
Stern(1983) stated “the concept of learning strategy is
dependent on the assumption that learners are
consciously engaged in activities to achieve certain
goals .learning strategies can be regarded as
broadly conceived intentional directions and
learning techniques.”
Definition
Wenstein & Mayer (1986,) defined “Language learning strategies are the learners’ behaviors or the thoughts in learning. These behaviors and thoughts are intended to influence the learners’ encoding process.”
Schemeck (1998) stated“strategy is “the implementation of a set of procedures (tactics) for plishing something” and learning strategy is “a sequence of procedures for plishing learning”。
Definition
O’Malley & Chamot (1990) defined “learning strategies are special thoughts and behaviors that individuals use to help prehend, learn, or retain new information.”
Oxford (1990) stated “language learning strategies are the actions taken by the learner to make learning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self-directed, more effective, and more transferable to new situation.”
Def