文档介绍：石斛与铁皮石斛关系的本草考证
[摘要] 该文通过历代“本草”有关“石斛”基原、产地与质量和性状描述的考证,根据“石斛生六安、温台为上”“味甘,平……”“股短”“细实”或“中实”等稳定的产地分布与性状描述,认为历代“本草”所指的优质“石斛”主要指石斛属的“铁皮石斛Dendrobium catenatum (D. officinale)”与“霍山石斛D. houshanense”。针对铁皮石斛曾使用的D. candidum,D. officinale,D. catenatum 3个拉丁学名,通过名实考证,其学名应为D. catenatum,D. officinale为其后出同名,考虑到D. officinale已被广泛使用并约定成俗,建议将其作为保留名,并以“铁皮石斛”作为中文的通用名称。
[关键词] 石斛属; 铁皮石斛; 产地; 基原; 本草考证
[Abstract] Dendrobium species on the ancient Chinese herbal texts were investigated in this paper, including their dscriptions of original species, producing areas and quality. Our results indicated that the major producing areas were Lu’an, Anhui province and Wenzhou
, Taizhou, Zhejiang province. In addition, the sweet flavor, short, thin and solid stems were standing for good quality. Based on the stable producing areas and quality descriptions, D. catenatum (D. officinale) ("Tiepi Shihu") and D. houshanense were high quality medicinal Dendrobium species ("Shihu" ) in ancient China. Besides, there were 3 scientific names for "Tiepi Shihu", including D. candidum, D. officinale, D. catenatum. After textual investigation, We suggest that D. catenatum should be its scientific name, and D. officinale was synonyms published later. However, the name "D. officinale" could be reserved as it is much more popular used in publication modities. Moreover, its Chinese name should be "Tiepi Shihu".
[Key words] Dendrobium; Dendrobium catenatum; Dendrobium officinale; Tiepi Shihu; producing areas; original species; herbal textual research
石斛属Dendrobium 100多种,广泛分布于亚洲热带地区和亚热带地区至大洋洲,我国约有86种,具有重要的药用、观赏、科研、保护等价值
[1-2]。根据2015年版《中国药典》记载,石斛属植物入药分为铁皮石斛和石斛两大类,前者为铁皮石斛D. officinale Kimura & Migo (1936年)的干燥茎,后者为石斛D. nobile Lindley (1830年)、鼓槌石斛D. chrysotoxum Lindley(1847年)、流苏石斛D. fimbriatum Hooker(1823年)的栽培品及其同属植物的近似种的新鲜或干燥茎[3]。尽管药材“铁皮石斛”的原植物铁皮石斛[D. catenatum Lindley (1930年), synonyms: D. officinale[2]]为一个独立的物种,但该种的正确学名有许多争议,而历代本草并没有“铁皮石斛”的记载(只见“石斛”记载)。因此,明确古今“石斛”、“铁皮石斛”,特别是本草“石斛”与现代“铁皮石斛”的关系,对于铁皮石斛产业发展