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被动语态部分
英语的两大语态:主动语态和被动语态
。宾语是谓语动词的对象。
(动作的对象)。
(把主动语态改为被动语态也就是把主动句中的宾语改为被动句的主语,这是最关键的着眼点,同时谓语动词作相应的变化。)
被动语态的谓语构成: 助动词be+动词过去分词
什么时候要用被动语态呢?
在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态:
①不知道动作的执行者是谁,用被动语态。
②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者,用被动语态。
③需要强调动作的承受者时,用被动语态
主动句中谓语动词的发出者由by引出,作为by的宾语,也可以省略。
请看以下主动语态和被动语态结构的转换:
主动语态:主语+谓语+宾语
被动语态:
例: We clean our classroom every day. (主动)
[注意]①把主动语态改为被动语态时,句子的时态不能变。如上
例,所给的主动句子是一般现在时,改为被动语态时,也
要用一般现在时。
②如果主动句中的主语是人称代词,改为被动句时作介词
by的宾语,要用宾格。如上例中的主语we改为us。
主语
+
+
by+宾语
be+过去分词
Our classroom
is cleaned
by us
every day
(被动)
把下列主动句改为被动句
①Lily writes many letters every day. (主动)
②They visited this farm last year.(主动)
③We have learned 3000 English words so far.(主动)
→
Many letters
are written
by Lily
every day.
→
This farm
was visited
by them
last year.
→
3000 English words
have been learned
by us
so far.
Fill in the blanks with the Passive Voice.
1、Tea _______ (grow) in Fujian.
2、Chinese __________ (speak) in China.
3、The bed __________ (use) for sleeping.
4、Our classroom _________ (clean) every day.
5、The cars __________ (make) in Beijing.
is grown
is spoken
is used
is cleaned
are made
各种时态的主动语态和被动语态谓语结构对照表
时态
主动语态
被动语态
1
一般现在时
do/does
am/is/are+过去分词
2
一般过去时
did
was/were+过去分词
3
一般将来时
will/be going to+动词原形
will/be going to+be+过去分词
4
过去将来时
would+动词原形
would+be+过去分词
5
现在进行时
am/is/are+现在分词
am/is/are+being+过去分词
6
过去进行时
was/were+现在分词
was/were+being+过去分词
7
现在完成时
have/has+过去分词
have/has+been+过去分词
8
过去完成时
had+过去分词
had+been+过去分词
9
含情态动词
情态动词+动词原形
情态动词+be+过去分词
把下列主动句改为被动句
1. The boy cleaned the desk a moment ago.
The desk was cleaned by the boy a moment ago.
2. We will plant 2000 trees next year.
2000 trees will be planted by us next year.
3. You must keep the room clean and tidy.
The room must be kept clean and tidy by you.
4. The police have caught the thief.
The thief has been caught by the police.
5. The farmers are cutting down t