文档介绍：不定式&介词
动词不定式 To do
概述:
a. 动词不定式可以理解为动词原型前加to 在句子中起名词、形容词、副词的作用;
To know is wisdom, but to do is a skill. ()
They want to leave. (n. 宾)
To save time is to save life. (n./adj. 表)
They set up a plan to rescue the workers in the mine. (n. / adj. 定)
They asked him to repeat his sentence. (n. /adj. 宾补)
We were made to stay. (n./adj. 主补)
To preserve tomorrow, we must act today. (adv. 状)
动词不定式 To do
b. 动词不定式作为动词的用法需要注意的是,它同时保留了动词的特点,即不定式可以有自己的宾语、主语、状语等同时不定式也有被动语态以及进行与完成等时态变化;
When her mother came in, the little girl pretended to be sleeping.
Sorry to have interrupted you.
I want to have dinner with Mr. Smith somewhere near our office at noon.
It is too hard for us to do all the work in such a short time.
He was said to be fired.
动词不定式 To do
c. 动词不定式多数用来表示“将要发生,或者尚未发生”的动作,而动名词doing可用来表示发生过的动作,此外表示“某一次集体的动作”常用不定式,而强调规律性或者经常发生的动作多用动名词;
Our work this morning is to clean the classroom.
His job is cleaning the classrooms everyday.
He never regrets changing his job.
We regret to inform you that you failed the test this time.
I forgot to lock the room when I left home.
I remember telling you my name yet.
动词不定式 To do
II. 不定式作主语&不定式的逻辑主语:
To work means to earn a living.
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.
*表语形容词中出现worthless, worth, worthwhile, useless, useful, no good, no use, waste等词时主语最好用doing不用to do;
It is a waste of time fishing here.
It is worthwhile waiting for such a brilliant show.
Smoking is no good.
It is no use trying to persuade such a stubborn man.
动词不定式 To do
II. 不定式作主语&不定式的逻辑主语:
表示不定式的动作是由谁完成的这样的含义的成分是不定式的逻辑主语,不定式的逻辑主语通常由介词for或者of引导
It is courageous of the soldiers to jump off such a tall building.
It is stupid of you to try to cheat in the exam.
It is impossible for Peter do so much work in such a short time.
It is necessary for them to increase physical exert for the sake of good health.
动词不定式 To do
III. 不定式&动名词作宾语比较:
部分动词后通常接to do作宾语,请结合概述c项中的解释以及这些动词的含义理解一下为什么这样用:
attempt 企图;demand 要求;arrange 安排;expect 期望;d