文档介绍：齐齐哈尔大学
毕业设计(论文)
题目大功率直流电动机调速装置设计
学院计算机与控制工程学院
专业班级
学生姓名
指导教师
成绩
2012年 6 月 18 日
摘要
直流电动机由于易于调节,动态性能好,在工业生产中得到了广泛的应用。但以往的直流调速是用模拟电路来实现的,所以制作成本高,由于器件温度的漂移,对控制精度产生的很大的影响,对于一些复杂的,非线性控制规律难以实现。随着电力电子技术、数据处理技术以及计算机的发展,数字控制技术也得到了迅猛的发展。它不仅能够实现传统调速装置的任务,而且具有维护方便,便于检修,算法灵活,稳定性强等优点,应用越来越广泛。
本设计是以数字PI为基本控制算法,以单片机(AT89C51)为核心,产生占空比可调的PWM波,通过功率放大和驱动电路实现对直流电动机速度的控制。再利用光电编码器对转速进行检测,反馈到单片机中(AT89C51),实现了对转速的闭环控制。同时用ACS712D电流传感器将电流转换为成比例的电压,输出的电压信号通过TLC549A/D转换器,转换为数字信号送入单片机(AT89C51)实现电流的闭环控制。在设计中采用LCD1602对转速、转向进行显示,通过按键对其进行输入控制。该直流调速系统具有可靠性高,便于控制等优点。
关键词: 脉冲宽度调制;单片机;直流调速
Abstract
DC motor with easy adjustment, good dynamic performance, in the industry has been widely used. But due to the application of analog circuits to achieve, so the production cost is high, be influenced by temperature drift of devices, the control precision of the great impact, for plex, nonlinear control law is difficult to achieve. Along with the electric power electronic technology, data processing and the development of puter, the digital PID control also got swift and violent development. It can not only realize the traditional speed regulating device of a task, and convenient maintenance, easy maintenance, algorithm is flexible, stability is strong wait for an advantage more and more extensive application.
The design is based on the digital PI control algorithm for the basic, with single chip puter ( AT89C51) as the core, to generate adjustable duty ratio PWM wave, through a power amplifying and driving circuit for DC motor speed control. Using photoelectric encoder for speed detection, feedback to the micro controller ( AT89C51), to achieve closed-loop speed control. At the same time with the ACS712D current sensor converts the current into a voltage proportional to the output voltage signal, through the TLC549A/D converter, converts the digital signal into the micro controller ( AT89C51) to realize the current closed loop control. In the design by the use of LCD1602 in speed, steerin