文档介绍：动词不定式的几个问题
三里畈高中杨波
一、动词不定式的优势:可以作除了谓语动词以外的所有成分;
动词不定式的缺陷:只能表示“将来和未发生”。
二、动词不定式的时态和语态:
时态
主动
被动
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
/
完成式
to have done
to have been done
不定式运用口诀
本领最多不定式,主、表、宾、补、定和状。
样样成分都能干,只有谓语它不敢。
大家千万要当心,有时它把句型改,
作主宾时用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。
七个感官三使役, 宾补要把to甩开;
疑问词后接上它,宾语从句可充当;
逻辑主语不定式,不定式前for sb. ;
to前not是否定, 各种用法区别开。
三、动词不定式的功能:
、形容词、副词。
:除谓语以外的所有成分。
(1)作主语:
master a foreign language is necessary for a college student.
is good manners to help people in trouble. (形式主语问题)
(2)作表语
1. Your job is to wash dishes.
2. All I did was (to) give him some advice.
★当作表语的不定式解释主语中do的意义时,to可以省略。
(3)作宾语
一些动词要用不定式作宾语, 常见的动词有
want, hope, wish, ask, choose, decide,
expect, manage, offer, promise, refuse,
seek, try, pretend, learn, afford, need等。
She promised to give him a chance.
决心学会选计划,拒绝答应想假装。
主动设法愿希望,同意请求帮一帮。
准备威胁易声称,渴望申请败踌躇。
decide /determine, learn ,choose, plan;
refuse, promise, want/attempt, pretend.
offer, manage, expect/wish/hope;
agree, ask/beg, help.
prepare, threaten, tend, claim;
desire/long, apply, fail, hesitate
★少数介词后面可跟不定式作宾语
has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
didn’t open their mouths except plain.
当句子中含有实义动词do(做)的某种形式或有情态动词修饰时,
动词不定式省去to,否则不省.
He does nothing but play all day.
At the news she didn’t say anything but to cry.
Cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but之间的不定式
一般不带to,
常翻译为“不得不”
I can not but admire her courage.
He can not choose but do it.
I can not help but love it.
(4)作宾语补足语
The teacher told his students to pay more attention to their pronunciation.
A. 不定式作补语,可根据需要在前加how, where, when, what等疑问词。
Could you tell me how to repair the machine?
No one told me where to find him.
Please show us what to do with these sentence patterns.
B. 不定式在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等和使役动词let, make, have
等后面作宾语补足语时, 不加to, help后可加可不加.
在大多数的动词可接不定式短语做宾补,只有少数动词
(五个看see, watch,notice, observe, look at;
三使役make, let, have;
二听listen to, hear等)须接不带to 的不定式做宾补。
I never let my child stay in th