文档介绍：Lecture 9 News Reporting (I)
Hard News (消息/硬新闻)
时效过硬
尽可能在第一时间发布
内容过硬
公众欲知、需知、应知的事实
写消息
---把手中掌握的事实组织成一条脉络清楚、逻辑严密、能够引起读者兴趣、文字质量达到发布标准的“故事”(story)。
新闻六要素与倒金字塔结构
新闻与事实的关系
新闻---对事实的报道
事实---构建新闻材料的原材料
事件的六要素: 5 W + H
WHAT
WHO
WHEN
WHERE
WHY
HOW
What has happened.
Who is involved or affected.
When the story took place.
Where the story took place.
Why is it that the story happened.
How it happened.
Reorder the following sentences:
1. A 7-year-old girl has been kidnapped, raped and beaten to death.
2. The body was nude and brutally battered.
3. That was four hours and ten minutes before police found the body.
4. Police found the child’s body in a clump of bushes off the Bayshore Drive.
5. She was blue-eyed Judith Ann Roberts of Baltimore. Her father is a lawyer and labor leader.
6. The child’s mother, Mrs. Shirley Roberts, reported her daughter missing at 1:10 .
1-5-4-2-6-3
---WHAT
---WHO
---WHEN
---WHERE
---HOW
---WHEN
倒金字塔结构
新闻导语写作的基本要求
开门见山,切忌“慢三拍”
突出“亮点”,不要写“埋藏式导语”
为标题拟定打好基础
用“新闻提要”补充标题未能概括的内容
Some typical leads:
Japan has surrendered.
---1945年8月16日《纽约先驱论坛报》
Man landed on the moon today.
---1969年7月20日合众国际社电
President Fitzgerald Kennedy was shot to death by an assassin armed with a high-powered rifle.
---1963年11月22日美联社电
President Richard Nixon announced his resignation tonight “in the interest of the nation.”
---1974年8月9日《纽约先驱论坛报》
开门见山
报道最重要、读者最关心的事实;
有话直说,
不要转弯抹角
不要写出“没有新闻的导语”, 即“慢三拍导语”
突出“亮点”
即突出足以扣动读者心弦的事实
SHANGHAI(AFP) --- Arnold Schwarzenegger and Yao Ming helped kick off the Special Olympics World Summer Games here on Tuesday for a record 7300 mentally disabled athletes.
Schwarzenegger, whose wife is the daughter of the Special Olympics founder and the sister of its current chairman, spoke of his “pride” at attending China’s first-ever staging of a major sports event for people with mental disabilities…
解决亮点不明显的办法:
一、提供与“亮点”相关的新闻背景,使“亮点”得以突出。
二、新闻事件的“亮点”往往隐藏在众多事实、大量数字背后,要求记者精心工作,把“亮点”筛选出来。