文档介绍：动词不定式
结构: to do
(否定) not to do
二. 时态与语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
进行式
完成式
完成进行式
不定式
to do
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been
done
to have been
doing
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1. 作主语
2. 作宾语
3. 作宾语补足语
4. 作定语
5. 作状语
6. 作表语
7. 作独立成分
8. 与疑问词等连用
三. 用法/ 功能
To see is to believe.
It’s important to learn .
(1). 主语
不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,
用it作形式主语.
My job to help the patient.
Your task to clean the classroom.
is
is
(2). 表语
I want to go home.
The workers demanded to get better pay.
I found it necessary to talk to him again.
(3) 宾语
Think/ consider/ find it + adj to do
常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:hope, refuse, learn, set out
Choose, decide, agree, manage, pretend, plan.
The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.
I expect you to give me some help.
(4). 宾补
五看
watch
see
look at
observe
notice
三使
let
make
have
二听
listen to
hear
一感觉:
feel
Warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等
I made him do his work.
He was made to do his work (by me).
不定式用在介词but, except, besides
后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的
各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,
相反则带to.
(1). She could do nothing but cry.
(2). I have no choice but to go.
(3).What do you like to do besides sleep.
I have something to say.
He has a lot of homework to do .
He is looking for a room to live in .
There is nothing to worry about.
(5). 定语
(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,
则不定式中要有介词.)
请给我一支写字的笔.
Please give me a pen to write with.
不定式作定语时,应放在被修饰词的后面,而且放在其他后置定语之后。
1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系:
(1)动宾关系 I have a lot of work to 。(2)主谓关系 He is always the first 。(3)同位关系 We all have a chance to go to 。
2. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。 He is looking for a room to live 。
3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或way,不定式后面的介词****惯上要省去。 He had no money and no place to 。
4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。
注意比较:
Have you anything to send?你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是you)
Have you anything to be sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式to be sent的动作执行着是已被省略的me或someone else)