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非谓语动词的句法功能
主语
宾语
宾语补足语
表语
定语
状语
不定式
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动名词
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现在分词
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过去分词
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非谓语做题步骤
解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。
可以按照以下四步来解答
一、分析句子结构,辨别“谓与非谓”
二 找逻辑主语
非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。
_____these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Beijing .
_____ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. ( see)
三、分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。
1. The dirty clothes ______ , the girl hung them up outside .
2. ______ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .
was washed
washed
washed
washed
四、分析时态
1. The building _C___now will be a restaurant .
2. The building __B__ next year will be a restaurant .
3. The building __D____last year is a restaurant.
having been built
to be built
built
D. built
三 作定语
分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是被动关系时用-ed形式。
例如：
I’m calling to enquire about the position _____ (advertise) in yesterday’s China Daily.
advertised, 由于position(职位) 与 advertise(登广告) 之间为被动关系，且广告昨天已经刊发了，故用过去分词作定语。
So far nobody has claimed the money ________ (discover) in the library.
discovered, 由于money与discover之间为被动关系，由句意可知，钱“已经”被发现，故用过去分词作定语。
四 作表语
分词作表语则说明主语的性质 像puzzled, surprised, excited等-ed分词表示“(人)感到……的”。
实例解析
1 Mrs. White showed her students some old maps _______ (borrow) from the library.
borrowed, 因maps与borrow之间为被动关系；再根据句意，地图是“已经”借来了，所以用过去分词作定语。
2 The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already _____(lay) for a meal to be cooked.
laid, 短语lay a table的意思是“摆桌子”，因句中的table与动词lay之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。
3 A great number of students ____________ (question) said they were forced to practice the piano.
questioned,由于students与question(提问，询问) 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。
4 Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues ________(amuse) with her stories.
amused, 意思是Lucy让他的同事“感到愉快”，表示人“感到愉快”，用-ed形式作宾补(相当于形容词作宾补的)，故填amused。
5 Almost 33 ( freeze), the old man could not get off the ground.
frozen, 因句子主语the old man与freeze(冻僵)是被动关系，故用过去分词作原因状语。
6 It was a presidential talk 33 (deliver) at a time of economic uncertainty for many American families.
delivered, 过去分词作后置定语。
非谓语动词可能出现的考查点及易错点：
一)．使用非谓动词的语言结构。
1） 在“句子, and/or/but +句子” 的并列句结构中，可能会考查“以动词原形开头”的祈使句，四个答案表面上象非谓语，其实考查的是谓语。
and you will succeed in the exam.
or you will fail in the exam.
A. Study B. To study C. Studying D. Studied 【答案：A A】
2） 在“句子，非句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：
3. The teacher devoted his life to his career, ______ most of his students successful in study.
A. make B. to make C. making D. made 【答案：C】
3） 在“非句子，句子”结构中，非句子部分用非谓语：
4. _________with children, I know what is needed most.
A. Working B. Having worked C. Worked D. To work 【答案：B】
4) 在“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构中，宾语补足语可能用非谓语动词：
5. With her baby _____ on her back, the woman was cleaning the rich man’s house.
A. sleep B. slept C. to sleep D. sleeping 【答案：D】
6. With his hair _______ like a role in the film, the boy felt very cool.
A. cut B. to be cut C. cutting D. to cut 【答案：B】
5） 在drive/leave/keep/make/have/let/get/find/hear…等使让动词或感观动词后面作宾语补足语时，也可能用非谓语动词。
7. He made his sister ______ by taking away her toy.
8. His sister was made _______ by his taking away her toy.
A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried 【答案： A B】
9. the policeman found the thief ______ his hand into an old man’s pocket and arrested him.
A. put B. putting C. to put D. being put 【答案：B】
二). 非谓语动词考点易错点：
1） 表面上考分词，实际上考形容词的情况：
, he fell asleep quickly.
A. Tire B. Tiring C. Tired D. To tire 【答案：C】
man won a big prize, __________and ________.
A. surprised ; happy B. surprising ; happy
C. surprised ; pleasant D. surprising ; pleased 【答案：A】
12. __ in thought of the problems, the man didn’t realize his girlfriend’s coming in.
A. Losing B. Lost C. To lose D. Having lost 【答案：B】
13. The students ______ in art can sign in the form and be a member of our school.
A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. To interest 【答案：C】
2) 在“被动形式表主动”情况中出题：
14. __________ a white skirt, the girl looks like a angel.
A. Worn B. wear C. dressed in D. dressing 【答案：C】
(wear的后面加衣服；dress表示动作时，后面要加人而不加衣；be dressed in是固定搭配，其中的dressed已经演变成形容词，本是其实可以看成是when the girl is dressed in a white skirt省略而来的。)
15. _____ in a armchair, he is always surfing online, eating fish and chips.
A. Sit B. Sat C. Seating D. Seated 【答案：D】
（Sit是动词，这里应该用sitting; seat作动词时，其后不加凳子，要加人，而且这个词一般用被动形式表示主动意义。）
3） 在“主动形式表被动”的情况中出题：
tired and weak, the woman should have a day off to see a doctor.
A. Look B. Looking C. Looked D. Looking 【答案：D】
（look在本题中不是实意动词，而是感观系动词，系动词在非谓语中用主动式表被动。）
17. With many problems ________ ________ , the newly selected president will have a hard time.
A. remain; unsettled B. remaining; unsettled
C. remained ; unsettling D. remained; unsettling 【答案：B】
（用with开头的部分在这里是一个介词短语，不是句子，因此用非谓语，而remain表示“仍然；仍然是”时是系动词，只能用主动形式；problems与unsettle是动宾关系或被动关系，所以用过去分词unsettled.）
18. Having some clothes ___________, I cannot join you to see the film.
A. to wash B. to be washed C. washed D . washing 【答案： A】
（宾语补足语中的动词用非谓语动词；虽然衣服应该是被洗，但是当句子主语与不定式为主谓关系时，我们用主动形式表被动。）
19. _________ smooth, this kind of pen sells well in our school.
A. To write B. Writing C. being written D. Written 【答案 ：B】
（解析：动词如果不是表示动作，而是表示物体具有某种性质或特征时，往往用主动形式表示被动。）
4）从“主语一致或主语不一致”角度出题：
逗号分开的前后两部分有时逻辑主语一致，有时逻辑主语不一致。逻辑主语不一致时，非谓语动词一般要自带逻辑主语，这种现象叫做“分词的独立主格结构。”
20. _________ from this angle, the mountain looks like a face of a man.
A. To see B. Seeing C. Seen D. Saw 【21答案：C】
（解析：空格处的动词本身没有带主语，那么本句的主语the mountain就要做其逻辑主语，由于the mountain与see是动宾关系，所以我们选用过去分词。）
21. _______, I'll go there with you tomorrow afternoon. 【22答案：C】
A. Time permits B. If time permitting C. Time permitting D. Time's permitting
（ 解析：permit与I没有主谓关系，也没有动宾关系，permit自带了逻辑主语
time(“时间允许的话”)，而time与permit为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用现在分词的独立结构。）
三） 注意的几点：
1） 有些分词有时可作分词有时又可作形容词。
22. _________ enemy, Liu Hunan was very brave. 【23答案C】
23. _________ with difficulties, we should not give in.【24答案B】
A. To face B. Faced C. Facing D. face
（解析：22题中的face是一个动词，由于与Liu Hunan是逻辑上的主谓关系，我们用现在分词形式，；23题中实际上考查了be faced with这一固定搭配，其中的faced看成形容词。）
24. The president of South Africa flied to Libya, ______ to help solve the crisis.
25. The president of South Africa flied to Libya, ______ at helping solve the crisis.
A. aim B. aiming C. aimed D. to aim 【25选B 26选C】
（解析：24题考查了动词aim to do sth.(旨在做某事)，；25题考查固定搭配be aimed at doing sth. (旨在做某事)其中的aimed看成形容词）
26. Though _______ money, his parents sent him to a key university.
27. Though _______ in money, his parents sent him to a key university.
28. Though in _____ of money, his parents sent him to a key university.
A. lack B. lacking C. lacked D. to lack 【27选B、28选B、29选A】
（解析：26题中非谓语动词lacking（与his parents及money分别构成逻辑上的主谓关系和动宾关系）；27题中考查了固定搭配：be lacking in(“缺少”)，其中的lacking 为形容词；28题考查了固定搭配（介宾结构）in lack of(“缺少”)，其中的lack是名词，这其实是由though his parents were in lack of money省略了主语和were而业的）
2） 作结果状语时，doing与(only)to do的区别。
表示结果状语时，现在分词（v+ing）表示意料之中的结果；而不定式（to do/ only to do）表示意料之外的结果：
29. His parents were killed in the accident,(thus )_______ him an orphan.
A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to leave 【 30选B】
（解析：他父母出了事故，他变成了孤儿就是意料之中在事情了，用现在分词表结果状语。）
30. I hurried to school, only _______ that it was Sunday. 【31选D】
A. find B. finding C. found D. to find
（解析：发现是星期天是我匆忙赶到学校意料之外的结果，说明我忘记了，如果我知道是星期天就不可能还匆忙地赶到学校了。用不定式表意料之外的的结果。）
3） 作主语时，非谓语动词之to do 与doing 的区别。
31. _________is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 【32选B】
A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk
（不定式做主语常表示具体的一次性的动作;动句词表示一般的经常性的动作，多次散步才会有利于健康。）
4） 演变成了介词或连词的分词。
英语中有些词表面上看是分词，但实际上已经变成了介词，因此应该用ing形式还是分词
ed形式已经变得约定俗成了。这时往往不适用非谓动词规则，而是看英美人士的习惯。
32. ___________her age，she looks quite young．
A．Consider B. Considered C. To consider D. Considering
（解析：题意是：“就她的年龄而论，她显得十分年轻。”这里的considering表示“考虑到；鉴于”，它已经变成了介词，不管是“考虑还是被考虑”这里都用considering。）
高中阶段我们还学过的有：
介词
concerning
regarding
according to
including
owing to
关于
关于
根据；按照
包括
因为；由于
连词
given
supposing
seeing (that)
imaging
providing/provided
鉴于
假如
因为；既然
假如
假如
5） 有些非谓语动词是省略而来的，有些则不是。
33. ______ by her mother, the girl burst into tears. 【34选B】
A. Be scolded B. Scolded C. Scolding D. To scold
（解析：scold与the girl是动宾关系，因此用过去分词作原因状语；其实这个句子也是由一个完整的原因状语从句省略来的。原句为：Because the girl was scolded by her mother, the girl burst into ，且谓语动词里有be 动词时，可以把 “连词+主语+be” 部分省略。）
34. ________ the tomb for 5 years, he is now called an expert more or less. 【选B】
A. Studying B. Having studied C. Having been studied D. To study
（解析：逗号前面部分不是句子省略而来，由于he 与study是逻辑上的主谓关系，加上study在先（有5年了），被 叫做“专家”在后，所以用非谓语动词的主动完成式）
6） “连词+分词”和“介词+动名词”的区别。
35. if _______ another hour, I would have finished it better.(give的恰当形式填空)。
36. While ___ homework, the boy likes listening to light music.(do的恰当形式填空)
（解析： 是由if I had been given another hour省略来的，if 在省略前省略后都是连词； 是由while the boy are doing homework省略来的，while在省略前后都是连词）
37. After __________ , he found a job as a secretary in a company.(graduate的恰当形式填空)
38. Before_________ a proper person to be the new president, the old president wouldn’t resign.(select的恰当形式填空)
（解析：37. graduating/graduation after 这时是个介词，所以后面总是用动名词，如果改为after he graduated，那么这个after就变成了连词。38题中的before用法与after 一样，后面加句子时，是连词，后面只加一个动词时，要用动名词形式，并充当介词。所以
38填selecting）
选择题
( )1 For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _____ on his own farm.
A. grown B. being grown C. to be grown D. to grow
( )2 not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind reminded
( )3 ______ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.
A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given
( )4 Now that we’ve discussed out problem, are people happy with the decisions ?
A. taking B. take C. taken D. to take
( )5 With the government’s aid, those _____ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected
( )6 Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _____ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat
( )7 _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged
( )8 _______and short of breath, Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.
A. Tire B. Tired C. Tiring D. Being tired
( )9 Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ______with his old one.
A. comparing     B. compares C. to compare    D. compared
( )10 We finished the run in less than half the time .
allow
( )11 The trees in the storm have been moved off the road.
blown down down down blow down
( )12 It is one of the funniest things on the Internet so far this year.
found find
( )13 To learn English well，we should find opportunities to hear English as much as we can.
speak
( )14 “Things never come again!”I couldn’t help talking to myself.
lose lost
( )15 There have been several new events to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.
add