文档介绍：Fluorescence & Spectroscopy 荧光和荧光光谱
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良好的天平可测出10－5克的物质，微量化学分析可测出10－9克的物质，光谱分析可测出10－10克的物质，荧光分析可测出10－11～10－12learly in fluorescence but are not visible under white-light illumination. These include:
bright or dark patches within areas of more uniform fluorescence
isolated patches of fluorescent color
color patterns that are only seen in fluorescence
The significance of these effects is completely unknown, but they almost certainly point to underlying differences in internal chemistry.
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White-light (left) and fluorescence (right) photographs of a coral, Roatan, Honduras. Note the yellow-fluorescent area in the photograph on the right that is not evident in the other image.
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2。基本知识：
（－〕. 激发光谱与发射光谱
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日立
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激发光
光源--激发单色器-------比色杯--透射光
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荧光
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荧光单色器
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探测器(计算机)
荧光光度计示意图
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荧光熄灭剂：引起荧光熄灭的物质。如：卤素离子，重金属离子，硝基化合物， O2等。
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Protein: Fluorescence?
在蛋白质中，能发射荧光的氨基酸残基，只有:Try (348 nm), Tyr (303 nm)和Phe (282 nm)。个别蛋白质含有黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸 (FAD)，也能发射荧光。
荧光光谱法是研究水溶液中蛋白质分子构象的一种新方法：通过测定蛋白质分子的自身荧光；另一是向蛋白质的特殊部位，引入荧光探测剂，然后测定荧光探测剂的荧光。
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芳香族类 (全部共三种氨基酸):
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向蛋白质分子引入荧光探测剂，运用荧光偏振法，可以测定：蛋白质分子的聚合与解离；抗原与抗体的反应机制；不同蛋白质分子相互作用等。
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氨基的修饰
Lys: +NH3-CH(COO-)-C4H8-NH3+
For Example:
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NaBH4
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Cys: +NH3-CH(COO-)-CH2-SH
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Circadian Rhythms in RNase A (Left, a: 30 C; b: 37 C) and DNA (Poly(dA*dT)-EB) (He, . et al., Medical Hypotheses 2000, 55(3): 253-256)
Fluorescence (.)
Time (hr) in Washington DC, 12:00 (Noon) is starting point
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DNA: Fluorescence?
NO.
In experiment: DNA + EB = high Fluo.
Mechanism: Intercalation (嵌入)
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A- B- Z-DNA
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Z-DNA: GC(GC)n
High Salt
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Mechanism: Intercalation (嵌入)
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Circadian Rhythms in RNase A (Left, a: 30 C; b: 37 C) and DN