文档介绍：毕业论文外文文献
外文题目: Industrial Ecology in practice ——The Evolution of
Interdependence at
出处: journal of Industrial Ecology
作者: John Ehrenfeld Nicholas Gertler
Industrial Ecology in Practice
—The Evolution of Interdependence at
Summary
The exchange of wastes, by-products, and energy among closely situated firms is one of the distinctive features of the applications of industrial ecological principles. The exchange of wastes, by-products, and energy among closely situated firms is one of the distinctive features of the applications of industrial ecological principles. This article examines the industrial district at , Denmark, often labeled as an “industrial ecosystem” or “industrial symbiosis” because of the many links among the firms. The forces that led to its evolution and to the interdependencies are described and analyzed. Key has been a sequence of independent, economically driven actions. Other potential forms of industrial linkages are critically reviewed in the light of the experience. The evolutionary pattern followed at may not be easily transferable to green field developments.
Keywords: Eco-industrial park green twinning industrial ecosystems industrial symbiosis islands of sustainability
Introduction
Industrial ecology is a new concept emerging in the evolution of environmental management paradigms (Ehrenfeld 1995), and springs from interests in integrating notions of sustainability into environmental and economic systems (Allen by 1992; Jelinski et ; Allen and Behmanish 1994; Ehrenfeld 1995). Environmental thinking has recently focused on a consciousness of the intimate and critical relationships between human actions and the natural world, and reflects limits in the current reliance mand-and-control regulation in much of the industrialized world. The critical problem is that, for the most part, the economy operates as an open system, drawing raw materials from the environment and returning vast amounts of unused by-products in