文档介绍：本科毕业论文外文翻译
外文题目: Trade and Industrial Upgrading in Countries of Central and Eastern Europe
出处: Emerging Markets Finance and Trade
作者: Ulrike Hotopp Slavo Radosevic Kate Bishop
原文:
Trade and Industrial Upgrading in Countries of Central and Eastern Europe
The economies of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have e highly integrated into the world economy through trade. In a relatively short period, their trade integration approached levels that would be expected given their proximity to European Union markets (Zoltan et al. 2001).Differences in the respective patterns of their trade integration are closely related to respective differences in their economies’ performance since 1989. Countries that have reformed and restructured faster have significantly improved their technological structure of pared to laggards. In this paper, we analyze patterns of changes in CEE exports in order to understand diverging patterns of industrial upgrading in these economies.
It is relevant for the long-term growth of the CEE countries whether integration through trade is pushing their economies toward long-term growth based on innovation and industrial upgrading. These dynamic effects of trade are highly dependent on its position. The transformation of positions over time reflects industry restructuring as well as a specific technology base whose dynamic potential can be quite different from country to country. This is the case for both imports and exports. Imports can include capital goods and consumer goods. Capital goods can be used for production as well as imitation, while consumer goods can contribute to development mainly via changes in tastes and imitation in use. We, however, concentrate on exports.
Changes in the position of exports are reflected in at least three different forms in trade statistics: an increase in the volume of certain types of exports (scale); an increase in product differentiation or variety (scope); and increased
unit prices (quality).We analyze