文档介绍：(2011届)
本科毕业设计(论文)
外文翻译
外文题目: OFFSETTING CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM TOURISM
出处: Landcare Research, Lincoln 8152,New Zealand
作者: , and
INTRODUCTION
Tourism is attracting increasing attention as an emitter of greenhouse gases and a consequent contributor to climate change .G?ssling suggested that CO2 emissions(adjusted for nitrous oxides and water emitted by aircraft)from tourism may be in the order of %of the global total. y per cent of these e from transport. Within transport there is now a growing debate on aviation’s role in climate change. Penner et al.(2)estimate that international aviation contributes about %to climate change. Most attention has focused on the emission of CO2 and neglected other effects, including emission of ozone and nitrous oxides, condensation trails and increased cirrus cloudiness, which in total contribute to climate change significantly more than do CO2 emissions(3).So far the international aviation industry has not had to face up to fuel taxes or other emission reduction schemes, as bunker fuels lie outside the Kyoto Protocol. The European Union is now actively considering steps towards curbing greenhouse gas emissions from transport, and recently the International Civil anisation’ mittee on Aviation Environmental Protection agreed on a model for voluntary measures to reduce emissions from aeroplanes (3).In New Zealand, planning is underway to introduce a carbon tax in 2007 capped at NZ$25 a tonne of CO2(4)subject to the Kyoto ing into force.
Mitigation options for the tourism industry include improving energy efficiency, replacing fossil fuel with renewable energy sources, and carbon offsetting. Continuing improvements in transport
fuel efficiency are expected and hydrogen-powered cars are being developed. In the medium term there are no practical alternatives to kerosene-based fuels for aircraft. The offsetting or sequestration of CO2 as biomass(usually trees)is termed‘ mitigation’ becaus