文档介绍：本科毕业论文外文翻译
外文题目:Technology and industrial clusters: how different are they to manage?
出处: Science and Public Policy, 37(9), November 2010, pages 679–688
作者: Michele Coletti
Abstract
Industrial districts and clusters have long been known for their positive contribution to local development. In recent years, inspired by essful examples such as the Silicon Valley, many local government and public agencies in Europe and elsewhere have started to launch initiatives to develop technology clusters in selected locations. Usually, cluster initiatives are carried out by ad hoc anisations. These are intermediate bodies employing people in charge of animating clusters, the socalled cluster managers. This work deals with the activities carried out by cluster managers and petences required by them. It also investigates the differences between the management of technology and industrial clusters. The main source has been the secondary analysis of results from the largest survey in this field carried out in Europe to date.
introduction
For a long time, districts and clusters have been noticed by sociologists and economists, but it is only in the last two decades that many policy-makers have begun to actively nurture their growth as a way to spur local economic development.
As long ago as in 1890 the economist Alfred Marshall introduced the concept of the industrial district and ide