文档介绍：原文:
Analysis of Post-Kyoto CO2 Emissions Trading Using Marginal Abatement Curves
Abstract
Marginal abatement curves (MACs) are often used heuristically to demonstrate the advantages of emissions trading. In this paper, the authors derive MACs from EPPA, the MIT Joint Program’putable general
equilibrium model of global economic activity, energy use and CO2 emissions, to analyze the benefits of emissions trading in achieving the emission reduction targets implied by the Kyoto Protocol. The magnitude and distribution of the gains from emissions trading are examined for both an Annex B market and for full global trading, as well as the effects of import limitations, petitive behavior, and less than fully efficient supply. In general, trading benefits all parties at least some, and from a global standpoint, the gains from trading are greater, the wider and less constrained is the market. The distribution of the gains from trading is, however,highly skewed in favor of those who would face the highest costs in the absence of emissions trading.
BACKGROUND, PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
At the Third Conference of the Parties (COP-3) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (), held in Kyoto in December, 1997, Annex B parties1 agreed to CO2 emissions ceilings for the years centered on 2010, but left many details to be decided through further negotiations and subsequent COPs. In particular, the extent to which parties could resort to emissions trading to meet mitments is to be addressed at COP-4 in Buenos Aires in November, 1998.
This paper provides an analysis of the importance of emissions trading by using marginal abatement curves (MACs) generated by MIT’s Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model. These cost curves can be used to determine marginal, average and total cost, but more importantly they can indicate the potential gains from emissions trading for various parties and the extent to which those parties would wish to resort to emi