文档介绍：Entrepreneurship and Development:
The Role of Clusters Hector O. Rocha
ABSTRACT. Defining entrepreneurship as the creation of economic and social interdependences (adapted
anisations, this paper explores, from a literature review from Porter, 1998), this research question arises
standpoint, the moderating effect of clusters on the impact of for several Firstly
entrepreneurship on development. To identify potential causes , it targets one of the
of this moderating effect, the paper focuses on three different most important challenges and contributions of
impacts: entrepreneurship on development, clusters on devel- the entrepreneurship field, . the role of new
opment, and clusters on entrepreneurship. The findings of the enterprises in furthering economic progress
paper are threefold. First, entrepreneurship is positively asso- (Low and MacMillan, 1988). Secondly, both
ciated with economic growth. Given the importance of entre- clusters and entrepreneurship face high visibility
preneurship in changing the economic and social structure of
the economy, more research on the impact of entrepreneurship among academics and policymakers, given their
on development – . focus on capabilities rather than mon historical resurgence and potential
output – is needed. Second, it is difficult to reach empirical to retain and increase employment after the
generalisations on the impact of clusters on development drastic changes in the economic, institutional,
and entrepreneurship given conceptual and methodological and technological environments since the 1970s
constraints. Both positive results and caveats are found at dif-
ferent levels of analysis and at different stages of development (Birch, 1981; OECD, 1996a, 1999, 2000, 2001;
of a cluster. Finally, given the previous finding, it is difficult Arzeni and Pellegrin, 1997; Porter, 1998; Bergman
to generalise on the impact of clusters on the association and Feser, 1999; Reynolds et al., 2001). In e