文档介绍：基础知识复习-基本句式
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英语成人高考复习指导
概述
句子根据功能划分可分为四种基本句式:
①陈述句;
②疑问句;
③祈使句;
④感叹句。
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陈述事实或看法的句子称为陈述句。
陈述句又可分为肯定句和否定句,分别陈述肯定和否定的事实或看法。
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Part 1: 陈述句
肯定句
陈述句在肯定事实时采用不同程度的肯定口气。人们在肯定某项事实时往往采用一些委婉的词语,使说话人的态度更有礼貌。上一章中的例句大多为肯定陈述句,在此不多讲。
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否定句
否定陈述句主要用来表示否定意向或提出对比,分为带否定词not的否定句和带其他否定词的否定句。
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否定句的构成
1、在功能词后加否定词not:
这样的功能词有:be (is, am, are, was, were), have (has, had), do (does, did), shall (should), will (would), can (could), may (might), must, ought, need, dare等。
I have not / haven’t said such foolish words before.
He does not / doesn’t mean to hurt your feeling.
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Note:
上述功能词可与否定词not缩写,其缩写形式分别如下:
isn’t, aren’t, wasn’t, weren’t, haven’t, hasn’t, hadn’t, don’t, doesn’t, didn’t, shan’t=(shall not), shouldn’t, won’t=(will not), wouldn’t, can’t, couldn’t, mayn’t (少用), mightn’t, mustn’t, oughtn’t, needn’t, daren’t等。
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否定句的构成
2、若谓语动词中原无功能词,则加特殊功能词do, does, did。
This material conducts electricity.
This material does not conduct electricity.
She went there to see him very often.
She did not go there to see him very often.
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否定句的构成
3、在句中使用其他否定否定词:
否定副词hardly, never, seldom, little, neither, nor, nowhere等, 否定的不定代词nobody, none, no one, nothing, neither, few, little, no等。
No honest man would lie.
I never smoke.
I did nothing to be ashamed of.
It will get you nowhere. (那会使你徒劳无功)
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肯定句中功能词must做情态动词使用时,变否定句要根据语义情况改成needn’t或can’t。
There must be something wrong with the engine of her car.
There can’t be anything wrong with the engine of her car.
You must buy a new house somewhere for you to live in the future.
You needn’t buy any new house anywhere for you to live in the future.
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Note: