文档介绍：该【新加坡国际事务研究所-激励东盟绿色转型（英） 】是由【youyicheng】上传分享，文档一共【16】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【新加坡国际事务研究所-激励东盟绿色转型（英） 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..IncentivisingGreenTransitioninASEANNovember2023:..:. Agribusiness: Lowering Carbon Footprints and Supporting Energy . Energy Industries: Deploying Renewables and Regional . Carbon Markets: Infrastructure and Incentives for Carbon report was authored by Mr Andrew Wilfred (Assistant Director) and Mr Aaron Choo (Senior Assistant Director). Ms Evelyn Tan (Assistant Director), Mr Perry Aw, and Mr Teo Geng Cheng (Research Interns) contributed to the report. This report was based on research carried out by the Singapore Institute of International Affairs (SIIA), as well as interviews with a wide range of stakeholders, including government agencies, trade associations, businesses, financial institutions, consultancies, and academic particular, the authors would like to thank the following for their assistance and insights (in alphabetical order): Bain & Company,DBS Bank, Energy Market Authority (EMA), Singapore Economic Development Board (EDB), EuroCham, McKinsey & Company, MUFG Bank, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), National University of Singapore (NUS), Openspace Ventures, Shell plc and the World report’s contents do not necessarily reflect the views or stated policies of the above contributors. All views expressed in the report are those of the authors, unless otherwise credited.:..ExecutiveSummarySoutheast Asia (SEA) faces a pivotal challenge: it needs to balance the economic growth agenda to deliver on material progress to uplift its society while also reducing its overall greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint. ASEAN economies are primarily export-driven and many of its current industries are carbon-intensive. To continue sustainably along this growth model, ASEAN countries must reduce the carbon footprint of its resources sectors while also transitioning to cleaner sources of energy to power its industrial base. It needs to provide incentives for this change without crippling the governments’ finances or opening the door to needs to execute its green transition well to maintain petitive edge, especially as major markets around the world are adopting regulations and trade rules that require sustainability metrics to be reported, with the aim of reducing emissions in supply chains. Most ASEAN countries have mitted zero or carbon neutral goals. However, at present, vested interests are holding back the region’s green transition. While support for green initiatives is increasing, it remains nascent. Fossil fuel and polluting industries are often still receiving government subsidies. There is therefore a need for a paradigm shift in incentive structures to bring about real ASEAN, three areas stand out as priorities for government and corporate action. Transformation in the Agribusiness, the Energy sector and Carbon markets can have a positive downstream impact. These are also areas where regional collaboration is much are needed to ensure Electricity generation ASEAN economies should forest and land fires do needs to shift from carbon-establish a regional not lead to deforestation intensive fossil fuel power framework for cross-border and the corresponding plants to greater use of carbon trading, fostering release of carbon and loss renewables, including from the growth of a robust of biodiversity. Ecosystem a wider range of small and carbon trading and carbon conservation and restoration medium-sized producers services ecosystem. To in nature-based projects can rather than only from large support carbon trading, help carbon sequestration power plants. Grid petitive carbon pricing and put carbon credits on the and cross-border trading at the national and regional market – turning emissions of electricity will allow level is needed, both as a risk into a carbon sink. countries with spare capacity disincentive for emitters Biofuels and biomass from the to ise their excess, and to improve liquidity in agribusiness sector can also while increasing energy carbon a major role in ASEAN’s security and resilience for all renewable energy this report, we layout some of the changes in these areas that ASEAN countries should focus on to help move ASEAN towards the path of sustainability and meeting its climate goals. Through cross-border cooperation and building interoperability into energy and carbon markets, ASEAN economies can achieve greater resilience petitiveness in the global value :..:TowardsaSustainableGrowthPathGlobal supply chains are going through a period of decarbonisation as large multi-nationals move to reduce their carbon footprint. Carbon regulations and other sustainability due diligence requirements are ing an increasing part of international trade. The European Union is at the forefront of this trend with its Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) and the EU Regulation on Deforestation-Free Products (EUDR), but other major markets such as the United States are considering similar measures. ASEAN, which is the home for many intermediate and final goods suppliers, needs to decarbonise to remain relevant petitive in the global supply in the global supply chain is also a reality. ASEAN has been quick in adopting digitalisation and its digital economy is fast growing. While digitalisation can help sustainability, it has its own carbon costs. Emissions from digital sources account for 20 million tons of CO equivalent in With the digital 2economy projected to grow exponentially its carbon footprint will continue to expand. Energy demand in ASEAN is also expected to grow, tripling or quadrupling, between 2020 and projections indicate that 88 per cent of that energy e from fossil fuels if no clear plan to change the energy mix Many ASEAN economies are locked into long-term contracts with fossil fuel plants, and face both legal issues as well as stranded asset risks in shutting down fossil fuel fleets early. Further compounding the problem, ASEAN countries spend per cent of GDP on petroleum subsidies and per cent on coal subsidies, which makes the transition away from these energy sources harder as they have been made artificially cheaper. But ending the subsidies could be hugely unpopular if this translates into higher living costs for Hence, ASEAN need to find innovative ways to ASEAN to maintain petitive edge and achieve its sustainable growth potential, there is an urgent need for ASEAN economies to rethink existing incentive structures and develop mechanisms to encourage green and transition activities rather than business-as-, ASEAN countries have mitted to emissions reduction. However, gaps remain in translating pledges into mitments and roadmaps. Nine out of ten ASEAN member states mitted to carbon neutrality In August 2023 the grouping adopted an ASEAN Strategy for Carbon Neutrality, designed plement their respective Nationally Determined Contributions under the Paris Agreement. Most in ASEAN are working zero from 2050 and onwards. In the near term, most are also aiming for 30 to 40 per cent emissions reduction by , the means in which each ASEAN member state will achieve its NDC targets are quite diverse. For example, Singapore is concentrating on decarbonisation in manufacturing and power generation5 while Indonesia is looking to reduce emissions from forestry and other land These different approaches reflect the diversities of ASEAN economies, which vary widely in size, degree of development, and endowment of natural resources. National approaches and targets will drive most decarbonisation in the region. That said, there is potential to reap additional rewards from cross-border solutions and regional approaches will allow countries with different endowments to leverage the skills, resources and frameworks that would not have been available to them if countries only operated independently. By tapping on parative strengths and resources of different ASEAN economies, ASEAN could move more effectively towards decarbonisation and increase petitiveness in the global supply Carbon neutrality refers to balancing out emissions via offsets, zero is the cutting of greenhouse gas emissions to as close as zero as possible, with any remaining emissions to be re-absorbed from the atmosphere (. by forests).2:..This report covers three areas for regional action, in the agribusinesssector (referring to agricultural production and processing); in energy (including both electricity generation and markets) sectors, as well as in carbonmarkets (referring to carbon projects and carbon trading).These are priority areas where regional cooperation and changes in national governments’ regulations, industry action, and finance can move the needle towards decarbonisation. Achieving change in these three areas will create benefits throughout the economy. In particular, the agribusiness and energy sector suffer from legacy policies that could hinder an effective green transition which makes it an imperative that they should be prioritised and the polices should momentum zero and carbon neutrality already exists in the region. The next step for policymakers and the private sector is to accelerate and target the green transition in the areas that can make the most :..:LoweringCarbonFootprintsandSupportingEnergyTransitionAgriculture is a major economic driver and source of livelihoods across eight of the 10 ASEAN countriesii accounting for between to per cent of total GDP and between to per cent of For ASEAN’s growth, livelihoods, and food security, continued development of the region’s export-driven agribusiness is crucial. At the same time, land use is also a significant contributor to carbon emissions and climate change. Deforestation results in loss of biodiversity, and forest and land fires result in major carbon emissions. Agriculture is in turn extremely vulnerable to the effects of climate change, with extreme weather damaging yields and potentially leading to loss of arable the present global context, issues with deforestation may also lead to economic consequences such as loss of market access for trade. The EU has implemented the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), requiring importers and exporters to show that their products are not linked to any deforestation that took place before 31 December 2020. Other markets such as the United States are considering similar legislation. Even if businesses are not exporting directly to these developed markets, MNCs are introducing similar or even stricter sourcing requirements for their own supply ? Major agribusinesses are adopting emissions mitments, including targets under the Science Based Targets initiative (SBTi) net zero standard? Reporting of carbon emissions is required for certification by major industry standards such as the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO)? Many agribusinesses are zero in their land use, they are focusing on emissions reduction at mills, in transport, and in supply chainsCarbonCredits? Agribusinesses in ASEAN could potentially play a greater role in operating carbon credit projects, though currently most do not generate carbon credits certified by voluntary market standards or by national carbon registries? The firms that d