文档介绍：该【2021-2022年高中化学会考试卷 含答案 】是由【1781111****】上传分享，文档一共【12】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【2021-2022年高中化学会考试卷 含答案 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..。,分为两个部分。第一部分为选择题,25个小题(共50分);考第二部分为非选择题,分为必答题和选答题两道大题(共50分)。,在试卷上作答无效。第一部分知必须用2B铅笔作答;第二部分必须用黑色字迹的签字笔作答。,考生应将试卷和答题卡放在桌面上,待监考员收回。第一部分选择题(共50分)在下列各题的四个选项中,只有一个选项符合题意。(每小题2分,共50分)。下列可用于防冻剂的物质中,[CHOH]B.***化钙[CaCl][CO(NH)]***钠[NaNO],、、、、。。,***气是合成塑料、橡胶、农药和染料等的重要原料。下列关于***气性质的描述不正确的是...,,,,(共8页):...中华民族的发明创造为人类文明进步做出了巨大贡献。下列我国古代发明中,不涉及化...(COS)可作为一种粮食熏蒸剂,能防止某些昆虫的危害。在恒容密闭容器中,CO和HS混合加热生成羰基硫的反应为CO(g)+HS(g)COS(g)+H(g)。、、HS、COS、、HS、COS、、HS、COS、。,++2e-()是一种穿透力很强的核辐射元素,可用来治疗癌症。下列关于的说法不正确的是...***气反应生成一***,2-,,..........::C:O:+[:Cl:]-:N:H........,不正确的是233...,不正确的是...:Al>:HF>:HClO>:NaOH>Mg(OH)4242化学试卷第2页(共8页),下列条件下反应速率最快的是:..℃℃℃℃,安全都是避免伤害和事故的保障。..,/LNaCl溶液中含有1molCl-,×:Fe+Cu2+Cu+Fe3+***反应:Cu+4H++2NO-Cu2++2NO↑+:2Al+2OH-+2HO2AlO-+3H↑:Ba2++SO2-+H++OH-BaSO↓+.....(OH)***化钠43棉花化学试卷第3页(共8页):..第二部分非选择题(共50分)一、必答题(共分)放电1.(3分)氮在自然界的循环过程中可发生反应:N+O2NO。该反应中,被还原的物22质是(填化学式),作为还原剂的物质是(填化学式);若反应中消耗1molN,则生成NOmol。22.(3分)煤干馏的产品经加工可得到下列有机物:①甲烷、②乙烯、③苯。其中,可作清洁燃料的是(填序号,下同),可作植物生长调节剂的是,可作有机溶剂的是。3.(4分)现有下列4种物质:①NO、②FeCl、③Al(OH)、④浓HNO。其中,既能与2333酸反应又能与碱反应生成盐和水的是(填序号,下同);与水反应产生无色气体的是;溶液显红色的是;常温下能使铁表面生成致密氧化膜的是。4.(4分)某小组同学利用下图所示装置探究二氧化硫气体的性质。SO2KMnO品红溶液4NaOH溶液溶液①②③请回答:(1)实验室用铜和浓硫酸共热制取二氧化硫,反应的化学方程式是。(2)当观察到②中溶液颜色变浅时,①中的现象是。(3)装置③的作用是。(4)①、②中的现象说明二氧化硫具有的性质是。:..化学试卷第4页(共8页)5.(8分)绿矾(FeSO·7HO)可用作除草剂、净水剂或抗贫血药等。某研究小组同学采用42硫铁矿焙烧后的烧渣(主要成份为FeO、AlO和SiO,不考虑其他杂质)制备绿矾,23232设计了如下流程。·①溶液C固体BFeSO溶液4③④足量碱溶液A②溶液B请回答:(1)①~③所涉及的实验操作方法中,用到过滤的是(填序号)。(2)③中发生反应的离子方程式是。(3)下列说法正确的是(填字母)。a.①中可选用盐酸,③-、SiO2-、AlO-等阴离子32c.④中发生了氧化还原反应,固体C做还原剂(4)原烧渣中FeO的质量分数为。236.(8分)A、B、C、D、E是中学化学中的常见物质,A、B是短周期元素组成的单质。其转化关系如下:AB一定条件DCBE请回答:(1)若C的焰色反应为黄色;常温下,D为无色气体,能参与绿色植物的光合作用。①组成A的元素在周期表中的位置是。②下列叙述正确的是(填字母)。(2)若C是能使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝的气体,D是黄绿色气体。①C与D反应的化学方程式是。②,生成B的体积为(标准状况)。:..化学试卷第5页(共8页)二、选答题(共20分。请在以下三个模块试题中任选一个模块试题作答,若选答了多个模块的试题,以所答第一模块的试题评分)《化学与生活》模块试题1.(4分)“北京烤鸭”举世闻名。制作烤鸭套餐的部分原料如下:①鸭肉、②面粉、③黄瓜、④食盐。请回答:(1)富含淀粉的是(填序号,下同)。(2)富含蛋白质的是。(3)富含维生素的是。(4)属于调味剂的是。2.(8分)石墨烯是目前发现的最薄、强度最大、导电性能最强的一种新型纳米材料,是新材料之王”。它最有潜力的应用是硅的替代品,用来生产未来的超级计算机。石墨烯本来就存在于自然界,将石墨烯一层层叠起来就是石墨,厚的石墨大约包含300万层石墨烯。制备石墨烯有多种方法。其中,机械剥离法是利用物体与石墨烯之间的摩擦得到石墨烯薄层。氧化还原法是先将石墨氧化,增大石墨层之间的间距,再通过物理方法将其分离,最后用还原剂还原得到石墨烯。中国在石墨烯应用领域探索中已获得重大发现,必将为世界的科技进步作出重大贡献。请依据以上短文,判断下列说法是否正确(填“对”或“错”)。(1)自然界中不存在石墨烯。(2)石墨烯与石墨的组成元素相同。(3)工业上,可以通过机械剥离法或氧化还原法得到石墨烯。(4)石墨烯是新型纳米材料,具有优良的导电性能和机械性能。3.(8分)含***废水主要来源于***碱工业和塑料工业,未经处理不得排放。某含***酸性废水(主要含Hg2+、H+、Na+、Cl-等)的处理工艺流程如下图所示。溶液ANaS、FeSO24含***酸调节pH=9沉淀超滤活性炭吸附出水性废水请回答:(1)含***废水未经处理直接排放的危害是(填字母)。(2)调节废水pH时加入的溶液A可能是(填字母)。(3)NaS与Hg2+发生反应的离子方程式是。2(4)该废水经处理后,测得有关数据如下(其他离子忽略不计):离子Na+Fe2+Cl-SO2-4浓度(mol/L)×10-×10-×10-4:..则2+)=mol/L。化学试卷第6页(共8页)《有机化学基础》模块试题1.(4分)现有下列6种与生产生活相关的有机物:①CHCHCHOH(增塑剂)②CHC—CHCH(合成橡胶原料)3222CH3CH3③CHCHCHCHOH(萃取剂)④CHCH—CHCH(合成橡胶原料)322222CHO(香料)—CHCOOH(植物生长刺激素)2⑤⑥请回答:(1)属于羧酸的是(填序号)。(2)与②互为同系物的是(填序号)。(3)与③互为同分异构体的是(填序号)。(4)用系统命名法给③命名,其名称为。.(8分)现有下列4种重要的有机物:OHCH①CHCHCHO②CHCHCH③33233④Cl请回答:(1)能与银氨溶液反应生成丙酸铵的是(填序号)。(2)能与浓***反应生成TNT的是(填序号)。(3)能与甲醛在酸催化下相互缩合成高分子化合物的是(填序号)。(4)写出②与NaOH的乙醇溶液共热生成丙烯的化学方程式:。3.(8分)甲甲酯(MMA)是聚***丙烯酸甲酯(有机玻璃)的单体,也用于制造其他树脂、塑料、涂料、粘合剂和润滑剂等。MMA的合成路线如下图所示(反应条件和试剂略)。O①②OCH23CH3(甲)(甲)((MMAMMA))请回答:(1)甲分子中所含官能团的名称是。(2)MMA的分子式是。(3)乙的结构简式是。:..()MMA在一定条件下生成聚***丙烯酸甲酯的化学方程式是______。化学试卷第7页(共8页)《化学反应原理》模块试题1.(4分)Wellman-Galusha气化炉是用焦炭为原料生产一氧化碳的装置,它既可用来气化无烟煤,又可用来气化焦炭和烟煤。该气化炉内有下列反应发生:①2C(s)+O(g)2CO(g)Δ=-②C(s)+O(g)CO(g)ΔH=-:(1)反应①属于(填“吸热”或“放热”)反应。(2)反应①消耗24gC(s)时,?H=kJ/mol。(3)反应②生成1molCO(g)时,?H=kJ/mol。2(4)反应C(s)+CO(g)2CO(g)ΔH=kJ/mol。22.(8分)2NO(g)+O(g)2NO(g)?H<0是制造***的重要反应之一。在800℃时,,反应过程中NO的浓度随时2间变化如下图所示:请回答:(1)2min内,v(O)=mol/(L·min)。2(2)升高温度,平衡向(填“正”或“逆”)反应方向移动。(3)平衡时,NO的转化率是。(4)800℃时,该反应的化学平衡常数数值为。3.(8分)侯氏制碱法曾广泛用于工业制纯碱(NaCO),是我国科学家为人类做出的重大23贡献。现有25℃时,。请回答:23(1)该溶液中c(H+)c(OH-)(填“>”、“=”或“<”)。(2)用离子方程式解释(1)的原因:。(3)下列说法正确的是(填字母)。(CO2-)+c(HCO-)+c(HCO)=:...(Na+)>c(CO2-)>c(OH-)>c(HCO-)>c(H+)33(4)用石墨作电极电解NaCO水溶液时,阴极反应式是。23化学试卷第8页(共8页):..化学试卷答案及评分参考说明:考生答案如与本答案不同,若答得合理,可酌情给分,但不得超过原题所规定的分数。第一部分选择题(共50分)选择题(每小题2分,共50分)题号**********答案CBBDADCBDA题号11121314151617181920AD题号2122232425B第二部分非选择题(共50分)一、必答题(共30分)1.(3分)O··············································································································1分2N················································································································1分22···············································································································1分2.(3分)①················································································································1分②··············································································································1分③················································································································1分3.(4分)③···················································································································1分①················································································································1分②················································································································1分④··················································································································1分4.(4分)(1)Cu+2HSO(浓)CuSO+SO↑+2HO……1分24422(2)品红溶液褪色(或变浅)………………………………………1分(3)吸收未反应的SO,防止污染环境…………………………1分2(4)漂白性、还原性……………………………………………………1分5.(8分)(1)①②………………………………………………………………2分(2)Fe(OH)+3H+Fe3++3HO……………………………2分32:..()ac·······································································································2分(4)%()················································································2分6.(8分)(1)①第3周期第IA族……………………………………………2分②abc····························································································2分(2)①8NH+3ClN+6NHCl3224或2NH+3ClN+6HCl……………………2分322②…………………………………………………………2分20分)说明:考生可任选其中一个模块的试题作答,若选答了多个模块的试题,以所答第一模块的试题评分。《化学与生活》模块试题1.(4分)(1)②·······································································································1分(2)①··········································································································1分(3)③········································································································1分(4)④············································································································1分2.(8分)(1)错·········································································································2分(2)对·········································································································2分(3)对·········································································································2分(4)对·········································································································2分3.(8分)(1)ab········································································································2分(2)b············································································································2分(3)S2—+Hg2+HgS↓………………………………………2分(4)×10-4······························································································2分《有机化学基础》模块试题1.(4分)(1)⑥·········································································································1分(2)④········································································································1分(3)①··········································································································1分(4)1-丁醇··································································································1分2.(8分)(1)①·········································································································2分(2)④········································································································2分:..()③········································································································2分乙醇(4)CHCHClCH+NaOHCHCH=CH↑+NaCl+HO33322△························································2分3.(8分)(1)碳碳双键、醛基·················································································2分(2)CHO································································································2分582(3)………………………………………2分COOCH3一定条件(4)OOCHCHC232nCHCH33分1.(4分)(1)放热···································································································1分(2)-·······························································································1分(3)-·····························································································1分(4)+·······························································································1分2.(8分)(1)×10-3···························································································2分(2)逆·········································································································2分(3)50%······································································································2分(4)400···········································································································2分3.(8分)(1)<·············································································································2分(2)CO2—+HOHCO—+OH—·····················································2分323(3)abc····································································································2分(4)2H++2e—H↑···············································································2分2