文档介绍：该【UCT工艺 】是由【小果冻】上传分享，文档一共【36】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【UCT工艺 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。-35-毕业设计〔论文〕题目UCT生活污水脱磷除氮效果研究系〔部〕制药与环境工程系专业环境监测与治理技术指导教师梁贤君〔校内〕-1-摘要水是人类生存的生命线,是经济开展和社会进步的生命线,是实现可持续开展的重要物质根底。为加强水污染防止,我们应在加大环境执法检查和环境影响评价等推进工业废水、废气治理的根底上,加强城市的综合卫生管理,使街面保持干净,减少因风吹、雨水等因素将脏物带入河流也非常重要。这就需要对自由市场、餐馆、外来人口聚居区进行严格的卫生管理,对建设工地卫生实行严格监督,对产生污染的路边小生意、洗车点或进行环境改造、或取缔。同时,应健全垃圾处理站点网络〔尤其是公共场所〕,让人们垃圾有处可弃,减少因无垃圾站〔箱〕而导致的垃圾随意丢弃。应在沿河设置一些公共厕所,让在外活动的人们感到方便,减少因为没有厕所而将河沿当厕所的现象。并加强对群众加强保护水质的教育,除了沿河树立一些警示牌,呼吁人们注意保护水质外,新闻媒体继续对群众进行环境保护的教育和监督。为了更好的对污水进行处理,消除污水中的氮、磷成分,我们对UCT脱氮除磷效果的研究以期为人们创造更平安的饮水环境。UCT工艺是一项新的污水处理工艺,在脱氮、除磷及除磷脱氮方面有独特的效果。因此,研究UCT工艺的设计技术能够为改善城市废水的脱氮除磷效果提供重要的理论根底。多功能UCT工艺,可根据水质、水量的变化以及季节的不同将系统灵巧调整为常规UCT、改良UCT、A2/0和倒置A2/O等四种不同的处理工艺,从而保证了在不同的环境条件下均能到达最正确的运行工况,运行结果说明,该工艺具有较高的COD、BOD、SS去除率。-2--3-目录前言···············································51、UCT工艺·······································、UCT工艺简介·······································、UCT工艺影响条件···································、负荷的影响······································、溶解氧的控制····································、污水的进水总磷的浓度偏高·······················、进水的pH值不稳定······························、泥龄过长·······································、浓缩和脱水的上清液二次释放······················、厌氧段停留时间·································、水温的影响······································、UCT一般设计参数··································、UCT反响池设计-5-····································9A2/O工艺····································、传统A2/O工艺····································、改良版A2/O工艺··································、倒置A2/O工艺的原理与特点研究···················、材料与方法···································、实验结果与讨论·······························、短时厌氧环境及其对聚磷菌的影响·····、厌氧、缺氧环境倒置对聚磷菌的影响····、倒置A2/O工艺的特点············16水样中化学需氧量〔COD〕的测定················、根本原理·········································、主要试剂·········································、实验方法·········································、COD除去率·······································19TN〔总氮〕的监测·····························21-5-、定义·············································、监测目的·········································、TN的测定原理·····································、仪器及试剂·······································、仪器········································、试剂········································、TN〔总氮〕测定实验步骤···························、校准曲线的绘制······························、样品测定步骤·······································、空白试验······································、实验结果处理和计算·····························、本卷须知···········································、除去率·············································245、总磷··········································26-6-、定义·············································、仪器及试剂·········································、仪器···········································、试剂···········································、实验步骤···········································〔过硫酸钾消解〕···························、样品测定·······································、除去率·············································、本卷须知···········································29结论:··············································30参考文献···········································31致谢···············································32-8-前言长期以来,城市生活污水的处理均以去除有机物和悬浮固体为目标,并不考虑对氮、磷等无机营养物的去除。随着污水排放总量的不断增加,以及化肥、合成洗涤剂等广泛应用,废水中氮、磷营养物质对环境所造成的影响也逐渐引起了人们的注意。另外随着水资源的日益紧张,城市生活污水越来越多要求回用,如二级处理采用普通活性污泥法,主要是降低污水中以BOD、COD综合指标表示的含碳有机物和悬浮固体的浓度,污水中氮、磷的去除仅限于微生物细胞由于生理上的需要而从污水中摄取的数量,去除率很低,氮的去除率为2O%~4O%,磷的去除率仅为lO%~3O%。一般工业循环水要求NHN≤lOmt/g,这对氨氮的去除率要求很高,而常规的混凝、沉淀、过滤的后续处理工艺对氨氮的去除率很低,只有lO~2O%,根本不能满足对氨氮的去除要求。化学方法虽然可以有效地去除废水中的磷,但纯化学方法运行操作复杂,费用较高。因此,生物除磷脱氮技术由于其优越性取得了飞速的开展,在实践中得以广泛地应用。近2O年来,污水除磷脱氮技术一直是污水处理领域的热点也是难点。l983年国际水污染控制和研究协会在哥本哈根举行了第一次氮磷去除国际会议,这是污水除磷脱氮技术研究和工程应用取得重大进展的重要标志。所有生物除磷脱氮工艺都包含厌氧、缺氧、好氧三个不同过程的交替循环,主要有三个系列:(1)A/O;(2)氧化沟;(3)序批式反响器(sBR)。-8-UCT工艺与A2/O工艺不同之处在于沉淀池污泥回流到缺氧池而不是回流到厌氧池,这样可以防止由于***盐氮进入厌氧池,破坏厌氧池的厌氧状态而影响系统的除磷率。增加了从缺氧池到厌氧池的混合液回流,由缺氧池向厌氧池回流的混合液中含有较多的溶解性BOD,而***盐很少,为厌氧段内所进行的有机物水解反响提供了最优的条件。在实际运行过程中,当进水中总凯氏氮TKN与COD的比值高时,需要降低混合液的回流比以防止NO3-进入厌氧池。但是如果回流比太小,会增加缺氧反响池的实际停留时间,而实验观测证明,如果缺氧反响池的实际停留时间超过1h,在某些单元中污泥的沉降性能会恶化。、UCT工艺简介UCT(UniversityofCapetown)工艺是南非开普敦大学提出的一种脱氮除磷工艺,是一种改良的A2/O工艺,此工艺中,厌氧池进行磷的释放和氨化,缺氧池进行反硝化脱氮,好氧池用来去除BOD、吸收磷以及硝化。由于A2/O工艺中回流污泥的NO3-N回流至厌氧段,干扰了聚磷菌细胞体内磷的厌氧释放,降低了磷的去除率,使脱氮除磷效果难于进一步提高,在这种情况下,UC工艺产生了。UCT工艺将回流污泥首先回流至缺氧段,回流污泥带回的NO3-N在缺氧段被反硝化脱氮,然后将缺氧段出流混合液局部再回流至厌氧段。由于缺氧池的反硝化作用使得缺氧混合液回流带入厌氧池的***盐浓度很低,污泥回流中有一定浓度的***盐,但其回流至缺氧池而非厌氧池,这样就防止了NO3-N对厌氧段聚磷菌释磷的干扰,使厌氧池的功能得到充分发挥,既提高了磷的去除率,又对脱氮没有影响,该工艺对氮和磷的去除率都大于70%。-10-UCT工艺减小了厌氧反响器的***盐负荷,提高了除磷能力,到达脱氮除磷目的。但由于增加了回流系统,操作运行复杂,、UCT工艺影响条件影响生物除磷的因素比较多,就目前对两种UCT工艺影响条件分析来看,主要为以下因素及控制要求:。进水浓度有机物不够,特别是厌氧进水口挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)偏低不能到达处理需求,或负荷的冲击过大,一般(F/M)~/(kgMLVSS·d)是比较稳定的。、溶解氧的控制。厌氧段的厌氧效果不好即达不到绝对厌氧的效果,,甚至0mg/L,同时硝态氮的浓度在4mg/L以下(否那么必须降低回流比)使磷得到充分释放,或者是好氧段溶解氧缺乏,好氧吸收磷不充分,出水口溶解氧过低,造成二沉池二次释磷,都会影响到出水TP的达标,~3mg/L,末端控制在2~4mg/L。、污水的进水总磷的浓度偏高。超过实际设计数值,即进入厌氧段的污水中BOD