文档介绍：Cryogenics in space
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-- a review of the missions and of the technologies
Contents
Introduction
Applications of cryogenics in space
Cryogenics and spacecraft engineering
Key technologies
Conclusions
І. Introduction
The continuious improvement of cryogenic equipment has made it easier and easier to achieve temperature well below the liquefaction point of nitrogen
The rapid progress of the last 30 years is clearly visible.
Historical development of cryogenic techniques.
І. Introduction
Cryogenic devices, such as sensors and cold electronics, have taken advantage of the progress made in materials science, offering a reliable and effective solution to otherwise unsolvable problems.
ІІ. Applications of cryogenics in space
Scientific missions
munications
Earth observation and meteorology satellite
Cryo-electronics
Large-scale applications
Scientific missions
Scientific missions dominate the present scenario of cryogenics applications in space due to the advantages offered by cryogenic photon detectors over conventional sensors
The much higher sensitivity
The better energy resolution
Overview of photon detectors and related operating temperatures
Scientific missions
Scientific missions
Infrared Space Observatory(ISO) was developed by ESA and operated at wavelengths from to 240 μm between November 1995 and May 1998 in a highly elliptical orbit.
The satellite is based on a cryostat containing about 2200 L of superfluid helium and on a m diameter telescope, feeding four instruments(an infrared camera, a photometer and two spectrometers working in different wavelength ranges)
The instruments made use of different photo-conductors based on InSb,Si and Ge and operating between and 10 K.
ISO of the European Space Agency.
fully integrated and ready for transport to the launch facilities
munications
Although superconductors have 'zero' DC resistance, at finite frequencies there are losses which remain smaller than those of a