文档介绍：句子成分
定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分:主语和谓语
次要成分:表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语
1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.
↓
主语
↓
谓
语
↓
定语
↓
宾
语
↓
同位语
↓
状
语
㈠主语(subject) 句子说明的人或事物
Jane is good at playing the piano.
She went out in a hurry.
Four plus four is eight.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is bad for health.
The young should respect the old.
What he has said is true.
(名词)
(代词)
(数词)
(不定式)
(动名词)
(名词化的形容词)
(句子)
找出句中主语
The sun rises in the east.          
Twenty years is a short time in history.       
The poor are now living in the shelter.
Seeing is believing.     
To see is to believe.         
He likes dancing.    
What he needs is a book.
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(名词)
(代词)
(数词)
(动名词)
(不定式)
(句子)
(名词化的形容词)
(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing
Show your passport, please.
She didn't say anything.
How many do you want? - I want two.
They sent the injured to hospital.
They asked to see my passport.
I enjoy working with you.
Did you write down what he said?
(名词)
( 代词)
(数词)
(名词化的形容词)
(三)宾语 动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语
(不定式)
(动名词)
(句子)
,间接宾语指人或动物.
He gave me some books.
↓
间接
宾语
↓
直接
宾语
●please pass me the book.
●He bought his girlfriend some flowers.
(四)表语
在系动词后的部分就是表语
The war was over.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
I’m not quite myself today.
That remains a puzzle.
I don’t feel at ease.
(五)定语 修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
He is a clever boy.
His father works in a steel work.
There are 54students in our class.
Do you known betty’s sister?
He bought some sleeping pills.
There is a sleeping baby in bed.
His spoken language is good.
(形容词)
(名词)
(数词)
(名词的所有格)
(动名词)
(现在分词)
(过去分词)
定语后置:
如果定语是由一个单词表示时,通常要前置。而由一个词组或一个句子表示时,通常则后置
The girl in red is his sister.
We have a lot of work to do.
T