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. 4
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
Data suggests the majority of women who smoke (25) ______(try) to quit if they find out they’re pregnant, but it’s unclear whether they keep it up after they’ve given birth. A new study adds to the evidence, (26) ______(show) that nearly half of women who kick the habit while pregnant will become smokers once again.
The new report, (27) ______(publish) Tuesday in the journal Addiction, looked at 27 different trials that attempted to help pregnant women quit smoking. The researchers took a closer look at (28) ______ these women stayed non-smokers six months after giving birth. They found that among the women who were offered some sort of smoking cessation intervention（停止干预）, 13% were able to quit sometime during the pregnancy and remain abstinent（节制旳）when they delivered. The other 87% of women either tried to quit and were not able to do so, (29) ______ they did not attempt to kick the habit. Of (30) ______ 13% that did quit, the researchers found that 43% started smoking again by six months.
“Most pregnant smokers do not achieve abstinence from smoking while they are pregnant, and among those that do, most (31) ______ re-start smoking within 6 months of childbirth,” the study authors write. “This would suggest that (32) ______ large amounts of health-care expenditure on smoking cessation, few women and their offspring gain the maximum benefits of cessation.”
(B)
New statistics have been released today that show gang crimes are on the increase in the UK. They also show that there has been a rise in teenagers (33) ______(arrest) for crimes such as burglary and shoplifting. Many people feel that, (34) ______nothing is done soon, this problem is likely to get worse.
More and more children are turning to gangs because they don’t know anything different. These children are often from broken families (35) ______ _____ there is no father figure. Our idea involves (36) ______(identify) children between the ages of five and eleven who we feel are at risk. We then assign these children to police officers who act as mentors. The officers meet up with the children once a week to do the normal things
that most children of their age do.
We know that children as young as seven have been used by gangs (37) ______(carry) their weapons. One of the biggestproblems is peer pressure. A lot of these children feel that, because all their friends are in gangs, they should be too. If we can show these children that there are other options, we hope they (38) ______(not persuade) to join the gangs. We’ve been experimenting with the scheme for six months in the London area and the results are very(39) ______ (encourage). We will probably take the idea to other cities throughout the UK next year. If we are successful, then we will see (40) _____ (few) young children turning to crime and these neighbourhoods will be made safer for everyone.
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. maximum B. cure C. suspected D. target E. contain F. alarming
G. fertile H. carry I. breeding J. tricky K. supported
World Health Organization (WHO) Director General Margaret Chan said on Tuesday Brazil is doing a good job tackling the Zika virus and ensuring that the Olympic games it will host in August will be safe for athletes and visitors.
Chan said Brazil's government is doing all it can to mobilize Brazilian society in fighting the Aedes mosquitoes that __41__ the virus that has spread rapidly through the Americas since last year.
"I want to reassure you that the government is working very closely with the international Olympic movement, with the local organizing committee, __42__ by the WHO, to make sure we have a very good work plan to __43__ the mosquito, and to make sure that people who will come here either as visitors or athletes will get the __44__ protection they need," Chan said.
The virus has been linked in Brazil to a(n) __45__ increase in the birth of babies with abnormally small heads, a condition known as microcephaly. Brazil's Health Ministry said on Tuesday that the number of confirmed and __46__ cases of microcephaly has risen to 4,690 from 4,443 a week earlier.
Brazilian authorities are taking action to __47__ the outbreak which threatens to keep visitors from attending the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro five months from now. With no __48__ or vaccine (疫苗） for Zika, the only way to deal with the virus at present is to reduce the population of the Aedes mosquito.
She praised Rousseff's leadership in organizing the whole of Brazilian society in a campaign to destroy the mosquito's __49__ places in urban areas and in cooperating with other countries in the research and development of diagnostic tools and a vaccine.
"The Zika virus is very __50__. We should expect this to be a long journey," she said. "Based on what I have seen here, I can tell you: the mosquito is difficult, but it cannot beat Brazil," Chan said.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
There are many things parents can do to help children with autism (自闭症) overcome their challenges. Learning all you can about autism and getting __51__ in treatment will go a long way toward helping your child. Additionally, the following tips will make daily home life easier for both you and your autistic child:
Be consistent（一致旳）. Children with autism have a hard time __52__ what they’ve learned if there is a change of setting. For example, your child may use sign language at school to communicate, but never think to do so at home. Creating __53__ in your child’s environment is the best way to reinforce learning. Find out what your child’s therapists are doing and continue their techniques at home. Explore the __54__ of having therapy take place in more than one place in order to encourage your child to __55__ what he or she has learned from one environment to another. It’s also important to be consistent in the way you __56__ with your child and deal with challenging behaviors.
__57__ a schedule. Children with autism tend to do best when they have a highly-structured schedule or routine. Again, this goes back to the consistency they both need and crave. Set up a schedule for your child, with __58__ times for meals, therapy, school, and bedtime. Try to keep disturbance to this routine to a __59__. If there is an unavoidable schedule change, prepare your child for it __60__.
__61__ good behavior. Positive reinforcement can go a long way with children with autism, so make an effort to “catch them doing something good.” Praise them when they act appropriately or learn a new skill, being very __62__ about what behavior they’re being praised for.
Pay attention to your child’s sensory sensitivities. Many children with autism are hypersensitive to light, sound, touch, taste, and smell. Other children with autism are “under-sensitive” to sensory stimuli. __63__ what sights, sounds, smells and movements cause your kid’s “bad” or disruptive behaviors and what brings about a(n) __64__ response. If you understand what affects your child, you’ll be better at solving problems, preventing situations that cause difficulties, and creating __65__ experiences.
51. A. encouraged B. balanced C. absorbed D. involved
52. A. applying B. devoting C. communicating D. appealing
53. A. attraction B. comfort C. steadiness D. attention
54. A. possibility B. goal C. process D. solution
55. A. transplant B. transfer C. transport D. transform
56. A. meet B. interact C. negotiate D. associate
57. A. Draw up B. Arrange for C. Work out D. Stick to
58. A. regular B. flexible C. appropriate D. normal
59. A. decrease B. mystery C. minimum D. secret
60. A. without doubt B. in private C. without notice D. in advance
61. A. Control B. Perform C. Reward D. Maintain
62. B. specific C. particular D. anxious
63. A. Figure out B. Account for C. Put up D. Take on
64. A. automatic B. immediate C. positive D. quick
65. A. frustrating B. successful C. professional D. unpleasant
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
It’s fight night in Berlin club. The lights go down, the door opens and out walks a salesman from San Francisco. David “Double D” Depto has travelled 8,000 kilometres in search of glory. As he first walks, then jogs, towards the boxing ring, the muscular, bare-chested American looks cool and confident. But so does his opponent. Waiting for him in the blue corner is Frank Stoldt, a tall, strong German policeman, who calls himself “Anti-Terror Frank”. For obvious reasons, the crowd is on his side.
The bell rings. Round one! The fighters come out. But then, something rather strange happens. The two players sit down at a table which has a chessboard on it and start playing chess – in the middle of the boxing ring.
“Why?” you may ask yourself. Well, this is chessboxing, and tonight is the final of the first chessboxing World Championship.
The rules of a chessboxing match are simple. There is one round of chess and then one round of boxing. Punching power alternates with brain power. All in all, you have 11 rounds in which to checkmate your opponent – or knock him out.
Two sports in one means double the pain, and double the pressure. Before this big fight, Frank spent hours doing exercises that prepared his mind as well as his muscles. Winners in chessboxing are people whose mental strength equals their physical strength.
But why do it in the first place? Why put yourself through this physical and mental torture? For David Depto, it’s all about proving that you can be a boxer and still have a brain. The sport has taken off in Germany, where they are preparing the next generation of chessboxing champions. It’s even being taught in a Berlin school.
Back in the ring, it is round seven and the players are locked in battle around the chessboard, sweat pouring from their foreheads. Suddenly, Frank Stoldt sees an opening and moves in to finish the match. Queen to G7… checkmate!
The referee stops the match, the crowd erupts – the local hero has won and is given the world title belt, which proves that, when it comes to mixing brains and muscle, Germany really is the Grand Master.
66. Why is it “obvious” that the crowd wants Frank Stoldt to win?
A. He is a policeman. B. He has powerful muscle.
C. He is a host player. D. He fights against terrorism.
67. What’s the way in which a match can finish?
A. Either checkmate the opponent or knock him out.
B. One of the players gives up or is sent to hospital.
C. The referee counts down eight to zero in the round of chess.
D. The player finds the opening into the court which is locked.
68. What’s TRUE about chessboxing?
A. Compared with boxing, it means half danger and half stress.
B. It requires more mental strength than physical strength.
C. The sport is popular in Germany, where it is a school subject.
D. The players play chess in the middle of the boxing ring.
69. The underlined word “erupt” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.