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情态动词的语法特征
情态动词没有人称，时态和数的变化，但有些情态动词，如can, may, will, dare也 有一般式和过去式的变化。
情态动词 不能单独做谓语。
4 3
（4组） can / could,
Mv 情态动词的个数（15）
单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，请尽量言简意赅地阐述观点。
may / might,
单击此处添加正文，文字是您思想的提炼，请尽量言简意赅地阐述观点。
shall / should,
（4对） have to, had better,
will / would
（3个） must, need, dare
ought to, used to
（一）can/could
1. 表能够做某事（具备某种能力）；could主要
指过去能够…
Two eyes can see more than one.  
Could the girl read before she went to school?
 
2. 表许可；用于疑问句中表请求（could表示的
语气更加委婉）；用于否定句中表不允许。
Can I have a look at your new pen?  
You can’t wear jeans at work.
考点一：情态动词的基本用法
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表可能性或推断，多用于否定或疑问句中；
若用于肯定句中表常有的行为和情形，意为“有时会；时而可能”
That can’t be Mary---she’s in New York. (用于否定句中表某事肯定不真实。)
He can be stubborn sometimes.
It can be cold here in winter.
表疑惑或惊讶等情绪；意为“究竟能；难道会；到底是”
What can they be doing? 他们究竟在干些什么？
Where can she have put it? 她到底把它放哪了？
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（二）must
I must go to the bank and get some money.
Cars mustn’t park in front of the entrance.
must 用于肯定句中表说话人的意志或义务；或坚决要求某人做某事；否定mustn’t 表禁止
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—Must we hand in our exercise books now?
—Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
在以must 开头的疑问句中，肯定回答用must; 否定回答用needn’t 或don’t have to
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3. 表示可能性或肯定的推断。意为“想必、准是、一定”
等，只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale.  
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.
4. 表说话人生气或不满的情绪，意为“偏要；非得”
---- Must you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?
---- Sorry, sir, but it’s urgent.
5. 用于短语 if you must (do sth) ，表虽然不赞同但可允
许，意为“如果你一定要的…的话”
---- Can I smoke here?
---- If you must.
（三）will/ would
I will do anything for you.
They won’t lend us any more money.
表意愿，用于各种人称的陈述句
Will you send this letter for me, please?
Would you mind leaving me alone for a few minutes?
表请求允许，用于疑问句
She will listen to music, alone in her room, for hours.
He would spend hours on the telephone.
表习惯
The door won’t open.
主语为物时，多用于否定句中，意为“不起作用”
1. 表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。
You may take whatever you like.
May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby?
2. 表可能（事实上）。might可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。
He may be at home, but I’m not sure.  
She may/might not know about it.  
May you succeed!
（四）may/ might
1. shall用于二、三人称的陈述句，表“命令、威胁、警
告、强制、允诺、决心”等
You shall do as I day. (命令)
You shall have my answer tomorrow. (允诺)
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. (决心)
2. shall用于一、三人称的疑问句，表征询意见或请求
允许,多与I或we连用
What shall we do this weekend?
3. shall 常用于主语是第三人称的条约、法律法规、规
章制度等文件中表“义务”或“规定”
One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.
（五）shall