文档介绍：Pump You Up, Break You Down
科学研究证明,使用兴奋剂会对人的身心健康产生许多直接的危害。使用不同种类和不同剂量的禁用药物,对人体的损害程度也不相同。一般说来,使用兴奋剂的主要危害如下:——出现严重的性格变化——产生药物依赖性——导致细胞和器官功能异常——产生过敏反应,损害免疫力——引起各种感染(如肝炎和艾滋病)。使用兴奋剂的危害主要来自激素类和刺激剂类的药物。特别令人担心的是,许多有害作用只是在数年之后才表现出来,而且即使是医生也分辨不出哪些运动员正处于危险期,哪些暂时还不会出问题。为提高竞技能力而使用的能暂时性改变身体条件和精神状态的药物和技术。使用兴奋剂不仅损害奥林匹克精神,破坏运动竞赛的公平原则,而且严重危害运动员身体健康。国际奥委会严禁运动员使用兴奋剂。目前禁用的药物和技术有七大类:刺激剂、麻醉止痛剂、合成代谢类固醇、beta阻滞剂、利尿剂、肽激素及类似物、血液兴奋剂等。
 
 
 
 How do steroids work, and what makes them so dangerous? Find out on this Moment of Science.
From federal investigations into Major League Baseball(美国职业棒球大联盟) to allegations of substance abuse in track and field, performance enhancing drugs(兴奋剂) have been in the news a lot. The most well-known performance enhancers are steroids(类固醇), drugs that can make athletes bigger and stronger. But they can also cause serious medical problems.
So how do steroids work, and what makes them so dangerous?
First, it’s important to understand that the body naturally produces steroids. For men, the best known is testosterone(睾丸激素). Testosterone is
an anabolic steroid(合成代谢类固醇), meaning that it encourages new muscle growth. So the more testosterone you have in you, the greater potential you have to be bigger and stronger. It makes sense, then, that artificial anabolic steroids mimic testosterone produced in the body.
Here’s how they work. Anabolic steroids attach to cells and encourage them to produce more protein, which muscles need to grow and e stronger. So steroids basically (1)speed up and enhance the process of muscle growth that you can plish by lifting weights and other kinds of exercise. A weightlifter on steroids will develop larger muscles and do so faster than a “clean” weightlifter.
Millions of people take performance enhancing drugs such as caffeine and vitamins every day. But unlike these drugs, steroids can cause serious, long lasting problems. For example, steroid use puts extra pressure on the liver to cleanse the bloodstream of the many toxins in s