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2025年托福考试历年真题测试
托福考试历年真题测试 1
More recently， professional archaeologists have taken over。 These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history， providing fresh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented。 This newer emphasis on archaeology as social history has shown great promise， and indeed work done in this area has lead to a reinterpretation of the United States past。
In Kingston， New York， for example， evidence has uncovered that indicates that English goods were being smuggled into that city at a time when the Dutch supposedly controlled trading in the area。 And in Sacramento an excavation at site of a fashionable nineteenth-century hotel revealed that garbage had been stashed in the buildings basement despite sanitation laws to the contrary。
does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) Why historical archaeology was first developed
(B) How the methods and purpose of historical archaeology have changed
(C) The contributions architects make to historical archaeology
(D) The attitude of professional archaeologists toward historical archaeology
to the first paragraph。， what is a relatively new focus in archaeology?
(A) Investigating the recess past
(B) Studying prehistoric cultures
(C) Excavating ancient sites in what is now the United States。
(D) Comparng ancient sites in what is now the United States。
to the passage， when had historical archaeologists been trained as anthropologists? (A) Prior to the 1930s
(B) During the 1930s and 1940s
(C) During the 1950s and 1960s
(D) After the 1960s
word “framed“ in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(A) understood
(B) read
(C) avoided
(D) posed
the third paragraph， the author implies that the techniques of history and the techniques of social science are
(A) quite different from each other
(B) equally useful in studying prehistoric cultures
(C) usually taught to students of archaeology
(D) both based on similar principles
phrase “their contributions“ in line 16 refers to the contributions of
(A) social scientists
(B) prehistoric cultures
(C) historians
(D) documentation and knowledge
author mentions an excavation at the site of a hotel in Sacramento in order to give an example of
(A) a building reconstruction project
(B) the work of the earliest historical archaeologists
(C) a finding that conflicts with written records
(D) the kind of information that historians routinely examine
word “supposedly“ in line 26 is closest in meaning to
(A) ruthlessly
(B) tightly
(C) barely
(D) seemingly
word “sanitation“ in line 29 is closest in meaning to
(A) city
(B) housing
(C) health
(D) trade
托福考试历年真题测试 2
if the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed， it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. nevertheless， some of these small changes are important. there are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. one of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation conversion of liquid water to water vapor. in this manner， the salinity is increased， since the salts stay behind. if this is carried to the extreme， of course， white crystals of salt would be left behind.
the opposite of evaporation is precipitation， such as rain， by which water is added to the ocean. here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. this may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation， or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.
normally， in tropical regions where the sun is very strong， the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. similarly， in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea， salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
a third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. when seawater is frozen， the dissolved materials are left behind. in this manner， seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. of course， when this ice melts， it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.
in the weddell sea， off antarctica， the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process， which increases the salinity of cold water. this heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss？
elements of salt
bodies of water of the world
many forms of ocean life
salinity of ocean water
2. The word this in line 5 refers to
3. According to the passage， the ocean generally has more salt in
areas
areas
areas
areas
4. All of the following are processes that decrease salinity except
5. Which of the following statements about the salinity of a body water can best be
inferred from the passage？
temperature of the water is the most important factor.
speed with which water moves is directly related to the amount of salt.
salinity has little effect on sea life.
factors combine to cause variations in the salt content of water.
6. The word altered in line 16 is closest in meaning to
7. The world it in line 18 refers to
ice
8. Why does the author mention the weddell sea？
show that this body of water has salinity variations
compare antarctic waters with arctic waters
give an example of increased salinity due to freezing
point out the location of deep waters
9. Which of the following is not a result of the formation of ocean ice？
salt remains in the water.
surrounding water sinks.
salinity decreases.
water becomes denser.