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文体4 议论文·观点、态度与见解
【考向研析】
考向1
论点
作者的观点,也就是被论证的对象。文章开头往往提出问题
考向2
论据
用来说明论点的依据,也就是理由和材料等。论据就是分析问题的过程
考向3
论证
运用论据证明论点的过程和方法,也就是解决问题的过程。论证有举例论证、引用论证、对比论证、归纳论证、演绎论证、数据论证等
【真题研磨】
【典例展示】(2018·浙江6月高考)
We have all heard how time is more valuable than money, but is it __1__ to have too much time? 
I __2__ back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also played a team the time I got home, I only had a few hours to do my homework, and I had to do it __3__. 
When I got into college, things suddenly found myself out of class before noon of all this __5__ time, there was no sense of __6__ to do my school work was performing this action of waiting until it later became a that happened, I just kept pushing my studying further and
further back in my I got to the point where I was __8__ really late at night to get my work done. 
One day I __9__ a former classmate of mine who was making a lot of money running a sideline(副业).Since his regular job was __10__, I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full- said without the job, he would __11__ have too much time and would just do what I did back in said that if he quit the job, he would lose his __13__ to work and succeed. 
So try __14__ your time with other is why there is a saying that if you want something done, ask a __15__ person to do it. 
last away course usual
out up round off
up up
【解题思维】
第一步 通读全文,把握主旨要义。
本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述的是当我们空闲时间太多时,我们一定要让自己忙起来,忙碌的人才会做成事情。
第二步 研读文章,把握议论文的观点和论证过程。
观点:filling up your time with other work→if you want something done, ask a busy person to do it
论证:high school, do homework right away→college, no sense of urgency,stay up late→a former classmate who was making a lot of money running a sideline→if he quit the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed
第三步 联系文题,确定议论文考点。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
形容词
动词
介/副词
短语
动词
形容词
名词
名词
动词
短语
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
-
动词
形容词
副词
名词
名词
动词
(短语)
形容词
-
第四步 挖掘议论文观点和论证,逐题试填。
序号
位置
语境信息
答案
1
上文
more valuable than money,but
__D__
2
下文
back in high school
__A__
3
上文
only had a few hours to do my homework
__B__
4
下文
I suddenly found myself out of class
__C__
5
上文
before noon time
__A__
6
下文
I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a____
__C__
7
下文
Once that happened, I just kept pushing my studying further and further back in my day
__D__
8
上文
there was no sense of ________to do my school work immediately 
__B__
9
下文
a former classmate of mine
__A__
10
上文
running a sideline
__C__
11
下文
have too much time and would just do what I did back in ______
__D__
12
上文
When I got into college
__B__
13
上文
have too much time and would just do what I did back in ______
__C__
14
上文
have too much time;would lose his ________to work and succeed 
__B__
15
上文
So try ________your time with other work. 
__B__
【考场技法】
抓住首句,
明确论点
议论文完形填空的首句一般是主旨句,作者通常在文章的首段提出总论点,然后在每段的首句提出分论点
查找论点,
方式多样
(1)开门见山式。直接提出论点,然后用正反、对比、举例等论据加以论证,最后总结全文
(2)导入式。先通过叙述生活中的一件事情或现象,然后根据事情或现象反映的问题提出论点
(3)文末式。一开始作者只是列举生活中的现象,不表明自己的观点,而是通过对具体现象的分析,最后得出结论
注重尾段,
论点照应
议论文的尾段就是结论,也是对论点的照应,不可忽视
【多维演练】
Test 1
体裁:议论文
词数:310
话题:研究未知
建议用时:15分钟
I was in the middle of the Amazon with my wife,a medical researcher did not speak the local language,did not know the customs,and even did not entirely__1__ the could not have felt more __2__. 
Then one perfect Amazonian evening,with monkeys calling from beyond the village green,we played darkness came over the field and the match ended,the goal keeper,Juan walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home,do you have a moon too?” I was I __4__ to Juan that yes I
felt a sort of awe at the __5__ that existed in his world,where the unknown and undiscovered was __6__ and was possible. 
In our society,we know that Earth has only one can,from my computer at home,__7__satellite images of Juan’s are no more moons to search for,little __8__ to ,as an ant biologist,I knew that much in the world of insects remains much,though?How__9__ are we?The question of what we know and do not know __10__ bothered me. 
I began to__11__ newspaper articles about new species,and on and on they looking into the __13__ of biological discovery,I also began to find a collection of scientists,who very often focused on common phenomena more to the point of exhaustion,and even at the risk of the __14__ of their peers. 
We used to think that nothing lived deeper than six hundred ,when something new__15__ more often than not,we do not even know its name. 
up up up up
Test 2
体裁:议论文
词数:264
话题:数字技术
建议用时:15分钟
It is almost impossible to be left alone in a digital world, where people are meant to be this respect, digital technologies have__1__ our life. 
The possibility to be connected all the time has brought our personal space to a(n)__2__ as we’ve known have become so __3__ in the world of networks that one can often be contacted even if they’d rather not we can talk, text and e-mail, not only from our __4__ , but from our mobile phones. 
Most people have become__5__ on digital technology simply because it has become a necessary part of life, and at this point not __6__ it would make them a social , many jobs and careers require people to be this point of view, being reachable might feel like a __8__ to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times. 
But solitude(独处) still can be possible for those who__9__ want can be __10__ and mobile phones can be turned course, the choice to be “off” and “on” has many __11__ as well as travelers end up __12__
in mountains, and mobile phones can mean life or death, although they can also make people feel __13__ and forced to answer unwanted calls. 
Actually, attitudes towards digital technologies as a society __14__ find them a consider them a you like it or not, it’s hard to imagine what life would be like without the __15__ in digital technologies. 
out up down in
Test 3
体裁:议论文
词数:166
话题:工作与健康
建议用时:15分钟
A recent research finds that successful professional women are healthier and live longer on average than contrast, the__1__are usually in poorer health than the job- also shows that when the unemployment rate goes up by 1%, the death rate __2__by 2% accordingly. 
Actually, many previous studies point to the__3__conclusion: work, especially success in work, is __4__to are their __5__. 
Working together, people feel that they__6__a certain kind of belonging is very __7__to their , they feel isolated (孤立的) and affects people both __9__and physically. 
Success in work gives people a sense of __10__ and makes people feel example, teachers feel very __11__ when they see their students making rapid __12__ give doctors a sense of power to save people’s __13__, the excitement in completing their books can be beyond course, happier people usually enjoy better health and __15__ lives. 
on to to on
Test 4
体裁:议论文
词数:293
话题:倾听
建议用时:15分钟
Do you listen? Do you really listen? Is there more to listening than just hearing?
Listening is, by far, one of the most important aspects of often, you pay attention to your way of speaking, your __1__ , your dialect, but neglect your ability to listen. 
It is my __2__ that people scream out or change the intended purposes of much of what they often, we consider listening the __3