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Modifiers which specifies optionally expressible properties of heads.
(修饰成份详细地说明了中心语含有选择性可表示特征.)
The most common modifiers of Ns are adjective phrases and those of verbs are adverb phrases and prepositional phrases which describe manner and time.
Modifiers
Modifiers which specifies optionally expressible properties of heads.
(修饰成份详细地说明了中心语含有选择性可表示特征.)
The most common modifiers of Ns are adjective phrases and those of verbs are adverb phrases and prepositional phrases which describe manner and time.
Syntacticrelations句子关系专题知识专家讲座
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Modifier Position in English
Modifier
position
example
Precede the head
PP
AdvP
AP
follow the head
Precede or follow the head
a very careful girl
open with care
read carefully; carefully read
Modifier Position in English
position
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
position
AP
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
position
Precede the head
AP
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
position
a very careful girl
Precede the head
AP
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
position
example
a very careful girl
Precede the head
AP
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
position
open with care
example
a very careful girl
Precede the head
AP
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
position
follow the head
open with care
example
a very careful girl
Precede the head
AP
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
position
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
AP
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
PP
AP
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
AdvP
PP
AP
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
position
AdvP
PP
AP
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
Precede the head
AdvP
PP
AP
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
follow the head
Precede the head
AdvP
PP
AP
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
Precede or follow the head
follow the head
Precede the head
AdvP
PP
AP
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
example
Precede or follow the head
follow the head
Precede the head
AdvP
PP
AP
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
a very careful girl
Precede or follow the head
follow the head
Precede the head
AdvP
PP
AP
Modifier
Modifier Position in English
open with care
a very careful girl
Precede or follow the head
follow the head
Precede the head
AdvP
PP
AP
Modifier Position in English
read carefully; carefully read
open with care
a very careful girl
Precede or follow the head
follow the head
Precede the head
AdvP
PP
AP
Modifier Position in English
Syntacticrelations句子关系专题知识专家讲座
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The Expanded XP Rule
The Rule:
XP → (Spec) (Mod) X (Complement*) (Mod)
Explanation
Modifier: specify optionally expressible properties of heads
This rule allows a modifier to occur either before the head or after it.
The Expanded XP Rule
The Rule:
XP → (Spec) (Mod) X (Complement*) (Mod)
Explanation
Modifier: specify optionally expressible properties of heads
This rule allows a modifier to occur either before the head or after it.
Syntacticrelations句子关系专题知识专家讲座
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Sentences (The S Rule)
The S Rule:
S → NP VP
Explanation:
The combination of an NP and VP yields a sentence;
S does not have an internal structure, unlike a phrase.
This rule stands for a traditional belief
Sentences (The S Rule)
The S Rule:
S → NP VP
Explanation:
The combination of an NP and VP yields a sentence;
S does not have an internal structure, unlike a phrase.
This rule stands for a traditional belief
Sentences (The S Rule)
The S Rule:
S → NP VP
Explanation:
The combination of an NP and VP yields a sentence;
S does not have an internal structure, unlike a phrase.
This rule stands for a traditional belief
Syntacticrelations句子关系专题知识专家讲座
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Structuralist School(结构主义学派) ---- Saussure(索绪尔)
Saussure : a Swiss linguist and semiotician whose ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments both in linguistics and semiotics in the 20th century.
He is widely considered one of the fathers of 20th-century linguistics and one of two major fathers of semiotics.
Structuralist School(结构主义学派) ---- Saussure(索绪尔)
Saussure : a Swiss linguist and semiotician whose ideas laid a foundation for many significant developments both in linguistics and semiotics in the 20th century.
He is widely considered one of the fathers of 20th-century linguistics and one of two major fathers of semiotics.
Syntacticrelations句子关系专题知识专家讲座
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Syntactic relations（句子关系）
Syntactic relations ---- the ways in which words, word groups or phrases form sentences.
Three kinds of syntactic relations:
Relations(位置关系)
of Substitutability (替换关系)
of Co-occurrence(共现关系)
Syntactic relations（句子关系）
Syntactic relations（句子关系）
Syntacticrelations句子关系专题知识专家讲座
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relation（位置关系）
“Positional relation”, or “word order”, refers to the sequential arrangement to words in a language.
It is a manifestation of a certain aspect of what Saussure called “Syntagmatic Relations”（组合关系）, or of what other linguists call “Horizontal Relations”（横向关系） or “Chain Relations”（链向关系）.
Syntacticrelations句子关系专题知识专家讲座
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Syntagmatic relations（组合关系）
A syntagmatic relationship is one where signs occur in sequence or parallel and operate together to create meaning.
The sequential nature of language means that linguistic signs have syntagmatic relationships.
Syntacticrelations句子关系专题知识专家讲座
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The Syntagmatic relation ---- the relation between one item and others in a sequence, or between elements which are all present.
horizontal relations(横向关系)
chain relations(链状关系)
Syntacticrelations句子关系专题知识专家讲座
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Example for Syntagmatic
1) The boy kicked the ball.
2) Boy the ball kicked the.
3) The ball kicked the boy.
Syntacticrelations句子关系专题知识专家讲座
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