文档介绍:该【吸入麻醉专业知识讲座 】是由【海洋里徜徉知识】上传分享,文档一共【27】页,该文档可以免费在线阅读,需要了解更多关于【吸入麻醉专业知识讲座 】的内容,可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能,选择自己适合的文档,以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字,如需要获得完整电子版,请下载此文档到您的设备,方便您编辑和打印。一、概述 (introduction) (concept) (characteristic)
可控性好
不留任何后遗症
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二、吸入麻醉药吸收、分布与消除 Uptake, distribution and elimination of inhalational anesthetics
1、吸收与分布Uptake and distribution
作用部位:大脑 central nerve system
PA PB PBr 动态平衡
dynamic equilibrium
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吸收与分布影响原因:
吸入浓度 inspired concentration
分钟通气量 minute volume
血/气分配系数
blood/gas partition coefficient
每分钟肺灌流量
perfusion of pulmonary
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Elimination ●大部分以原形经肺排出 Eliminated mostly in an unchanged form via the lungs ●少部分经肝、肾排出 a small proportion is metabolized in liver and eliminated via kidney
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三、吸入麻醉药临床评价 Clinical evaluation of inhalational anesthetics
controllable
● 与血/气分配系数相关
associated with blood/gas partition coefficient
2. 麻醉强度 anesthetic potency
● 与油/气分配系数相关
associated with oil/gas partition coefficient
● MAC(minimal alveolar concentration)
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MAC is minimal alveolar concentration of an inhalational anesthetic at 1 atmosphere absolute that prevents movements of 50% of the population to a standard stimulus.
3. 对心血管影响
Effects on Cardiovascular system
● 心肌抑制
depression of myocardial contractility
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●增加心肌对儿茶酚胺敏感性:氟烷
Increased myocardial excitability
Arrhythmias are common during halothane
Increased circulating catecholamines
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Effects on respiratory
●呼吸抑制 Respiratory depression dose-dependent depression of ventilation ●呼吸道刺激 irritant to respiratory depression ●支气管平滑肌舒张 relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle
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Effects on neuromuscular junction
●肌松作用,增强肌松剂肌松作用
Skeletal muscle relaxation and potentiates non-depolarizing relaxants.
●安氟醚肌松作用最强
Skeletal muscle relaxation of enflurane is the greatest in all inhalational anesthetic .
●氟烷对子宫平滑肌松弛作用最强,增加产后出血可能
Hatholane relaxes uterine muscle and may cause postpartum hemorrhage.
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●增加颅内压,异氟醚影响最小
increase ICP, and this action of isoflurane is the lowest in all volatiles.
●抑制EEG,安氟醚可引发痉挛性EEG改变
Dose-dependent depression of EEG activity, at moderate to high concentration (more than 3%), enflurane produces epileptiform paroxysmal spike activity.
Effects on ICP and EEG
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