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班级 姓名 准考证号 考场号 座位号
绝密 ★ 启用前
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试仿真卷
英 语 （一）
本试卷共12页。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。
★祝考试顺利★
注意事项：
，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。用2B铅笔将答题卡上试卷类型A后的方框涂黑。
：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）
做题时，现将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共 5 小题；每小题 分，满分 分）
听下面 5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。从题中所给的 A,B,C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How did the man feel about the movie?
A. It was funny.
B. It was a good comedy.
C. He didn’t want to see it.
·2·
2. When should the woman be at the airport?
A. At 9:00. B. At 9:30. C. At 10:30.
3. When is the good time to go to New Zealand?
A. In June. B. In August. C. In December.
4. How much do the man and his wife pay for their gym?
A. $ 130 a month. B. $ 80 a month. C. $ 50 a month.
5. Why doesn’t the woman like the Star Club?
A. It’s too expensive. B. It’s too far away. C. It’s too loud.
第二节 （共15小题；，）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How many apartments does the man have in total?
A. One. B. Two. C. Three.
7. What does the man prefer to be?
A. A writer. B. A designer. C. A landlord.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What’s the relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Classmates. C. Doctor and patient.
9. Why is the man in bed?
A. He has a fever. B. He hurt his back. C. He is very sleepy.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where did the woman just come from?
A. Her house. B. Her office. C. The train station.
11. Why does the man get to the airport so quickly?
A. He drove on the highway.
B. He drove a fast car.
C. He took a shortcut.
·3·
12. What does the woman tell the man to do in the end?
A. Keep the change. B. Get his tires fixed. C. Take a vacation.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Why does the man want a part-time job?
A. To have some extra spending money.
B. To pay his school fees.
C. To help his future career.
14. What kinds of jobs has the man applied for?
A. Service jobs. B. Office jobs. C. Manufacturing jobs.
15. What is the main purpose of a cover letter?
A. To describe the job market.
B. To introduce a job applicant.
C. To ask the employer about the job duties.
16. What does the woman say about finding a job?
A. It is easier now than it used to be.
B. Employers never read resumes anymore.
C. The job market is very competitive.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What news does the speaker tell his audience?
A. He will retire in several months.
B. He will host a different show.
C. He will join a jazz band soon.
18. Who is the first special guest tonight?
A. The Roots. B. Jay Leno. C. Bill Clinton.
19. What is Brian Cranston known for?
A. A hit TV show. B. His well-known songs. C. His popular movies.
20. What will the audience do next?
A. Listen to a funny story.
·4·
B. Welcome the show’s band.
C. Welcome the first special guest.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题：每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
The dangers of sitting all day are obvious. Researchers have shown that remaining sitting for extended periods of time (like at your 9-to-5 desk job) can do harm to your health. While exercise is a big part of reducing the harmful effects of sitting, it was unclear how many gym periods were needed to help – until now.
A new study, published in The Lancet, shows the ideal formula for reducing the negative effects of a sedentary（久坐的）job. Instead of a fixed number of hours spent exercising, the ratio（比率）depends on how much you sit: people who work a typical eight-hour day should spend at least one hour each day moving. If you sit six hours a day, you should spend half an hour exercising. The research also indicates that the exercise doesn’t have to be all once – or rigorous（严格的）. It can be spread throughout the day and be as simple as walking.
The team behind the study analyzed data from a pool of a million adults over the age of 45 in Western Europe, the United States, and Australia. Using previous data, the researchers examined data from 16 published studies and used it to determine how much exercise is required to compensate for sitting. Their recommended daily exercise goal is higher than previous advice but not necessarily less achievable, given it can be completed throughout the day.
Fitting in an hour of exercise a day sounds especially discouraging if you have a desk job, but there are plenty of workouts you can complete before and after work. Even if it means taking a 10-minute walk during lunch, your body will thank you in the long run.
21. The underlined words “compensate for” can be best replaced by ________.
A. make up for B. break away from
C. give up D. take the place of
·5·
22. According to the new study, good news for the people working long hours at desk is that ________.
A. workouts may reduce the harm of sitting for long
B. the harm of sitting for long has been proved
C. they don’t have to exercise as long as suggested previously
D. the time spent on exercise is flexible
23. What can be inferred from the article?
A. The best form of workouts is walking.
B. The longer you exercise, the better.
C. The new exercise goal is practical though higher.
D. A desk job makes it impossible to exercise regularly.
24. The second paragraph is developed mainly ________.
A. by example B. by process
C. by comparison D. by contrast
B
Children and Youth Sidewalk Sale
Young people are bursting with artistic energy. The Children and Youth Sidewalk Sale (CYSS) of the Central Pennsylvania Festival of the Arts is a fun way for boys and girls to express themselves visually. It focuses on encouraging the creative growth of young people, believing they can develop their artistic potential through personal expression in individual original objects.
CYSS is a highlight of Children and Youth Day, Wednesday, July 12, 2018. This day features performances for and by young people, art and craft workshops and demonstrations. All artists must be between the ages of 8 and 18 and live or have relatives living in any of the centrally located Pennsylvania counties to participate.
·6·
All artworks must be original and age-appropriate for the event’s audience, most of whom are under 18. The sales of work made from small animals and the sales of food are prohibited. A complete listing of the rules can be found in the application. Please review the rules carefully as they may have changed since you last participated in the event.
Artists must personally be present during the entire clay. Representatives, including family members, may not attend in place of the artist.
How to Enter
1. Complete both sides of the entry form. A parent signature is required.
2. On a separate sheet, provide a brief description of the artwork and the materials used. Do not send samples; they cannot be returned.
3. Enclose at least one photograph of your work.
4. Mail application and photo of your work to P. O. Box 1023, Central Pennsylvania Festival of the Arts.
25. What’s the aim of CYSS?
A. To teach young people to develop their interest in arts.
B. To help young people get some extra money for their work.
C. To get young people to develop their artistic potential.
D. To improve the performing skills of young people.
26. What’s the feature of Children and Youth Day?
A. All the artworks are original and proper for young people.
B. Most of the artworks are focused on animal protection.
C. The participants must be residents of central Pennsylvania.
D. The sales of artworks about animals are not allowed.
27. Which of the following is required for application?
A. A sample of the applicant’s artwork.
B. A return envelope with stamps on it.
C. Detailed description of the artwork.
D. The signature of the applicant’s parent.
·8·
C
“One of the reason I find this topic very interesting is because my mom was a smoker when I was younger,” says Lindson-Hawley, who studies tobacco and health at the University of Oxford.
By studying about 700 adult smokers, she found out that mom quit the right way-by stopping abruptly and completely.
In her Study, participants were randomly(随机地) assigned to two groups. One had to quit abruptly on a given day, going from about a pack a day to zero. The other cut down gradually over the course of two weeks. People in both groups used nicotine replacement, like gum or spray. They also had talk therapy(疗法) with a nurse before and after quit day.
Six months later, more people who had quit abruptly had stuck with it--more than one-fifth of them, compared to about one-seventh in the other group. Although these numbers appear low, it is much higher than if people try without support.
And the quit rates were particularly convincing given that before the study started, most of the people had said they’d rather cut down gradually before quitting. “If you’re training for a marathon, you wouldn’t expect to turn up and just be able to run it. And I think people see that for smoking as well. They think, “Well, if I gradually reduce, it’s like practice,” says Lindson-Hawley. But that wasn’t the case. Instead of giving people practice, the gradual reduction likely gave them addiction and withdrawal symptoms(脱瘾症状) before they even reached the day, which could be why fewer people in that group actually made it to that point. “Regardless of your stated preference, if you’re ready to quit, quitting abruptly is more effective,” says Dr. Gabriela Ferreira. “When you can quote a specific number like a fifth of the patients were able to quit, that’s acceptable. It gives them the encouragement, I think, to really go for it,” Ferreira says.
People rarely manage to quit the first time they try. But at least, she says, they can maximize the odds of success.
28. What dose Lindson-Hawley say about her mother?
A. She quit smoking with her daughter’s help.
B. She was also a researcher of tobacco and health.
C. She studied the smoking patterns of adult smokers.
·9·
D. She succeeded in quitting smoking abruptly.
29. What kind of support did smokers receive to quit smoking in Lindson-Hawley’s study?
A. They were given physical training.
B. They were offered nicotine replacement.
C. They were encouraged by psychologist.
D. They were looked after by physicians.
30. How does Dr. Gabriela Ferreira view the result of Lindson-Hawley’s experiment?
A. It is encouraging B. It is unexpected
C. It is impractical D. It is misleading
31. Take the idea of “a marathon” () as an example to show that quitting smoking .
A. is something few can accomplish B. requires a lot of patience
C. needs some practice first D. is a challenge at the beginning
D
That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the first night, effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.
Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved.
The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if peopl