文档介绍：“瞬间动词(也叫‘短暂动词’)”和“延续性动词”
1、瞬间动词:
从“开始发生”到“结束/终止”:
几乎同时或在极短的时间里(如‘几秒钟/几分钟内’)就完成了“开始—结束”的过程,如“Close the door”, “Open the door”
有些瞬间动词的“开始—结束的过程”可能稍微长一些,但也不会很长的,如,
“buy sth(买下)”:付了款、拿了发票即完成了。
所以, “我买了这块手表5年了”,在汉语中说的通,但英语的表达就不能说:
I have bought the watch for five years.
buy sth ---- have sth (拥有)---have/has + had sth for…
A: I have had the watch for 5 years.
B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch.
C: I bought it 5 years ago.
现在完成时与瞬间动词
同理, “borrow sth”“借书”在办理了相关的‘登记’手续后就结束了,不可能“借”几个星期或好几年的! 汉语“这本书我已经借用了2星期了。”的意思是:
“我两周前(borrowed it),(在归还前)现在它还在我手里(I still have it or I’m still reading it.)
Right or Wrong?
A: I have borrowed the book for two weeks.
B: I have had / kept it for two weeks.
C: It’s 2 weeks since I borrowed it.
D: I borrowed it 2 weeks ago.
(Wrong)
(Right)
(Right)
(Right)
现在完成时与瞬间动词
瞬间动词可以用于现在完成时,但不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如可说“He has left.”但不能说“He has left for three years.”如果要表达“他已走了三年了”可用以下几种表达法:
一、用ago,使用一般过去时。
He left here three years ago.
二、用“It is +一段时间+since +一般过去时从句”
It is three years since he left here.
三、用“一段时间+have/ has passed + since + 一般过去时从句”
Three years have passed since he left here.
以上三种表示方法适用于所有瞬间动词。
另外,还可用其它表示方法,但只适用于部分瞬间动词。具体办法是将瞬间动词转化为表延续的动词或者表状态的be+名词/形容词或副词/介词短语等。

buy catch (get) a cold
borrow/e/go /e
have
have a cold
keep
be
put on
wear
。
I have bought this book for three months.
x
had
__________
√
+名词/介词短语
join the army
join the Party
go to school
be a soldier
be a Party member
be a student
3转换成be+形容词或副词
die finish begin/start
leave fall asleep/ill
close open
be dead
be over
be on
be away
from(地点)
be asleep/ill
be closed
be open
go out
be out
get up
be up
。
He has died for five years.
been dead
_____
x
/be in school
/ be in the army
/ be in the Party
e/reach
be in /at +地点
stay
。
He has been a soldier since 1985.
He has been in the army since 1985.
①.我们买这本书三年了.
We have had the book for thr