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Jonathan Swift, son of the English lawyer Jonathan Swift the elder, was born in Dublin, Ireland, on November 30, 1667. He grew up there in the care of his uncle before attending Trinity College the age of fourteen, where he stayed for seven years, graduating in 1688. In that year, he became the secretary of Sir William Temple, an English politician and member of the Whig(辉格党) party.
In 1694, he took religious orders in the Church of Ireland and then spent a year as a country parson(牧师). He then spent further time in the service of Temple before returning to Ireland to e the chaplain(牧师) of the earl(伯爵爵位)of Berkeley伯克利(美国加利福尼亚州西部城市).
Meanwhile, he had begun to write satires . on the political and religious corruption surrounding him, working on A Tale of a Tub, which supports the position of the Anglican(英国国教徒) Church against its critics on the left and the right, and The Battle of the Books, which argues for the supremacy(sju'preməsi至高无上)of the classics against modern thought and literature. He also wrote a number of political pamphlets('pæmflit小册子) favor of the Whig party.
Unfortunately for Swift, the Tory(保守党员) government fell out of power in 1714 and Swift, despite his fame for his writings, fell out of favor. Swift, who had been hoping to be assigned a position in the Church of England, instead returned to Dublin, where he became the dean(院长) of St. Patrick’s(圣帕特里克).
In 1709 he went to London to campaign  for the Irish church but was essful. After some conflicts with the Whig party, mostly because of Swift’s strong allegiance(忠贞)to the church, he became a member of the more conservative (保守的) Tory party in 1710.
During his brief time in England, Swift had e friends with writers such as Alexander Pope, and during a meeting of their literary club, the Martinus Scriblerus Club, they decided to write satires of modern learning. The third voyage of Gulliver’s Travels is assembled from the work Swift did during this time.
However, the final work was