文档介绍：1
采油工程
Oil Production Engineering
刘平礼
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Introduction on Oil Production
Production Phase
Once petroleum found & well drilled operation enters “production phase”
After oil and gas found, appraisal drilling need to be done to check mercial viability
Important to test formation to ensure profit and determine proper rate of extraction
New well begins production, a potential test is run – determine most oil and gas to be produced in a 24 hr period
Most efficient recovery (MER) rate – based on most oil and gas can be extracted for a sustained period of time without harming formation
Some well under enough pressure – do not need pumping system. Only install Christmas tree or a series of valves and pipes at the surface to produce oil and gas
Introduction on oil Production
Production Phase
Most well require some kind of lifting method depending on depth of well and whether the well has pletion
mon method is rod pumping
When oil and gas reach surface they are separated
Gas is sent to processing plant
Sediment and water from oil is removed; then oil is transported to refinery
Introduction on oil Production
Field Production
Primary Recovery (Natural Methods)
1st method of producing oil from a well
Solution gas drive
pressure inside reservoir relieved when well punctures and gas trapped in oil forms bubbles
Bubbles grow, exert pressure push oil to well and up to surface (20-30%)
Gas cap drive
If contain gas cap, drill well directly into oil layer – gas cap expand
Expanding gas pushes oil into well (40%)
Water drive scenario
Water layer press against oil layer
Water pushes oil towards surface and replace it within the pores of the reservoir rock
Highest recovery: up to 75%
Introduction on oil Production
Field Production
Secondary Recovery
Used to enhance or replace primary techniques
Water flooding
Additional injection well is drilled into the reservoir
Pressure water injected
Water displaces the oil in reservoir
Mechanical Lift
Recipro