文档介绍：2018/4/30
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Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions
“ Culture is more often a source of conflict than of synergy. Cultural differences are a nuisance at best and often a disaster.”
--- Prof. Geert Hofstede
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Hofstede’s Four Cultural Dimensions :
Ⅰ Power Distance(权力距离)
Ⅱ Uncertainty Avoidance(不确定性规避)
Ⅲ Individualism vs. Collectivism(个人主义和集体主义)
Ⅳ Masculinity vs. Femininity (刚柔性)
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Ⅰ Power Distance Index (PDI)
Power Distance Index (PDI) is the extent to which the less powerful members anizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.
High Power Distance
vertical(纵向的)
Low Power Distance
horizontal(水平的)
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Power Distance : Country Examples anizational Implications
分权
扁平化组织
监控者少
工资差距小
工作平等
集权
金字塔组织
监控者多
工资差距大
工作不平等
分权
扁平化组织
监控者少
工资差距小
工作平等
集权
金字塔组织
监控者多
工资差距大
工作不平等
Tips:
Low PD
High PD
Use teamwork
Acknowledge a leader's power
Involve as many people as possible in decision making
Be aware that you may need to go to the top for answers
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Ⅱ Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI)
Uncertainty Avoidance Index (UAI) relates to the degree of anxiety society members feel when in uncertain or unknown situations.
Uncertainty Avoidance
1. minimize the possibility of such
situations by strict laws and rules, safety
and security measures
2. on the philosophical and religious
level by a belief in absolute Truth
3. more emotional, and motivated by
inner nervous energy
Uncertainty Tolerance
1. tolerant of opinions different from
what they are used to; they try to
have as few rules as possible
2. on the philosophical and
religious level they are relativist
and allow many currents to flow
side by side.
3. more phlegmatic and
contemplative, and not expected by
their environment to express
emotions.
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Uncertainty avoidance : Country Examples anizational Implications
较少的结构性活动
更少的明文规定
更多通才
多样化
承担风险意愿较强
较少仪式性行为
较少的结构性活动
更少的明文规定
更多通才
多样化
承担风险意愿较强
较