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第 19 卷第 4 期生态学报 V o l. 19,N o. 4
1999 年 7 月 A CTA ECOLO G ICA S IN ICA July, 1999
植物外来种入侵及其对生态系统的影响
彭少麟, 向言词 2 2
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(中国科学院华南植物研究所, 广州 510650)
摘要: 对植物外来种的入侵及对生态系统的影响进行综述与分析。植物入侵受多种因子的影响, 可分为外因和内因两类。
植物外来种对生态系统的影响主要体现在生产力、土壤营养、水分、干扰体制、群落的结构和动态等方面。在管理外来种
时, 需对外来种的特性和影响因子进行系统的观察研究, 采用机械法、化学方法和生物控制法等综合办法控制植物的入
侵。引进植物外来种时, 要对引进种的行为特性进行调查研究, 注意其安全性。
关键词: 植物外来种; 入侵; 生态系统; 综述; 分析
The invasion of exotic plan ts and effects of ecosystem s
PEN G Shao L in, X IAN G Yan C i ( S ou th Ch ina Institu te of B otany , Ch inese A cad emy of S ciences,
Guang z hou, 510650, Ch ina)
Abstract: T he invasions of exo tic p lants and their effects of eco system s w ere review ed and analyzed. T here
are m any facto rsw h ich can effect p lant invasions. Som e of them can p romo te invasions of p lants,w h ile o th
er facto rs can inh ibit invasions. A ll facto rs can be divided into internal facto rs and external ones. T he ef
fects of exo tic species to eco system s are m ainly on the p roductivity, so il, w ater, disturbance, comm unity
structure and dynam ics. W e should research the characters and effect facto rs of exo tic p lants, then integrat
ed app roach can be couducted to contro l the p lant invasion. T he exo tic species behaviors and life cycle
should be clarified befo re its introduction fo r safety.
Key words: p lant exo tic specie