文档介绍：Behavior Robot
Introduction
As a design strategy, the behavior-based approach has produced intelligent systems for use in a wide variety of areas, including military applications, mining, space exploration, agriculture, factory automation, service industries, waste management, health care, disaster intervention and the home. To understand what behavior-based robotics is, it may be helpful to explain what it is not. The behavior-based approach does not necessarily seek to produce cognition or a human-like thinking process. While these aims are admirable, they can be misleading. Blaise Pascal once pointed out the dangers
A Nomad robot used by many researchers to study behavior within a laboratory setting.
 
inherent when any system tries to model itself. It is natural for humans to model their own intelligence. The problem is that we are not aware of the myriad internal processes that actually produce our intelligence, but rather experience the emergent phenomenon of "thought." In the mid-eighties, Rodney Brooks (1986) recognized this fundamental problem and responded with one of the first well-formulated methodologies of the behavior-based approach. His underlying assertion was that cognition is a chimera contrived by an observer who is necessarily biased by his/her own perspective on the environment. (Brooks 1991) As an entirely subjective fabrication of the observer, cognition cannot be measured or modeled scientifically. Even researchers who did not believe the phenomenon of cognition to be entirely illusory, admitted that AI had failed to produce it. Although many hope for a future when intelligent systems will be able to model human-like behavior accurately, they insist that this high-level behavior must be allowed to emerge from layers of control built from the bottom up. While some skeptics argue that a strict behavioral approach could never scale up to human modes of intelligence, others argued that the bottom-up behavioral approach is the very princip