文档介绍：Section 6 Fallacies
Definition
Common types
of fallacies
Further study
critical thinking chapter 6,7 -- brooke noel moore
Definition
Can you tell what's wrong with these arguments?
I'm not a cake, I'm a girl.
We hope you‘ll accept our plan,
We spent the last three months working extra time on it.
If I had studied hard, I would definitely have passed the test.
False analogy
错误类比
Ad Misericordiam 文不对题
Hypothesis Contrary to Fact 与事实相反的假设
Definition
A fallacy is an incorrect argument in logic and rhetoric resulting in a lack of validity, or a lack of soundness.
A fallacy is the concept associated with the argumentation, is a wrong reasoning form.
谬误是与论证相关的概念,是一种错误的推理形式。
Definition
delimma 两难推理
How to solve this problem if you're the judge?
“半费之讼”
Definition
informal fallacy(非形式谬误)
formal fallacy(形式谬误)
deductive fallacy(演绎谬论)
inductive fallacy(归纳谬论)
Definition
informal fallacy(非形式谬误)
Informal fallacies are arguments that are fallacious for reasons other than structural or formal flaws.
非形式谬误是从形式上看是符合逻辑的,但因为其中因知识水平、常识、概念定义等错误而得出谬误的结论,如:词语歧义、语句歧义、诉诸无知、诉诸武断、诉诸感情、人身攻击、诉诸权威、因人纳言、因人废言等。
Definition
formal fallacy(形式谬误)
A formal fallacy is a pattern of reasoning (推理形式) that is always wrong. This is due to a flaw in the logical structure of the argument which renders the argument invalid.
形式谬误是指那种由于违反形式逻辑的规则而产生的逻辑形式不正确的各种谬误,如:同语反复、循环定义、概念不当并列、偷换概念、转移论题、自相矛盾、两难推理、以偏盖全、循环论证、倒置因果等。
Definition
deductive fallacy(演绎谬论)
A deductive fallacy is defined as a deductive argument that is invalid. The argument itself could have true premises, but still have a false conclusion.
Eg: People in Kentucky support a border fence. People in New York do not support a border fence. Therefore, people in New York do not support people in Kentucky.
Definition
inductive fallacy(归纳谬论)
Inductive fallacy also called faulty generalization, is a conclusion about all or many instances of a phenomenon that has been reached on the basis of just one or just a few instances