文档介绍：非谓语动词
在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)
不定式、动名词和现在分词都有时态和语态的变化.
不定式
主动语态
被动语态
与谓语动词的关系
一般式
To do
To be done
动作发生在谓语动作之后
进行式
To be doing
与谓语动作同时发生
完成式
To have done
To have been done
动作发生在谓语动作之前
动名词
主动语态
被动语态
与谓语动词的关系
一般式
Doing
Being done
与谓语动作同时发生
完成式
Having doing
Having been done
动作发生在谓语动作之前
现在分词
主动语态
被动语态
与谓语动词的关系
一般式
Doing
Being done
与谓语动作同时发生
完成式
Having done
Having been done
动作发生在谓语动作之前
不定式
不定式的作用
作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。如:
It took us two hours to finish the job.
It is impossible for us to get there on time.
It is very kind of you to help us.
注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较:
It is to negate my own idea to believe him.(错)
To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)
(3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用 for.
作宾语
动词+不定式。如:
He managed to escape from the fire.
I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语)
注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等
动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。如:
I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.
I can’t decide when to go there.
注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。如:
I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.
作宾语补足语
动词+宾语+不定式(to do )。如:
He warned me to be careful.
I want you to speak to Tom.
What makes you think so?(不带to的不定式)
注:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage
表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如:
We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.
The book is believed to be useful.(被动语态)
(3) There +不定式。如:
We didn’t expect there to be so many people 。
注意:(1)有些动词需用 as 短语作补语,像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如:
We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。
Mary took him as her