文档介绍：Cargo Transportation
Chapter Five
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LEARNING ES
Understand the importance of ocean transportation and how liner freight is obtained
Know other modes of transportation in terms of their features, suitability and freight calculation
Be aware of the important of ocean bill of lading and its different types
Describe a range of other: transportation documents stipulate delivery clause in a sales contract
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Modes of transportation
Ocean Transportation
Air Transportation
Rail Transportation
Road Transportation
Container Transportation
International Multimode Transportation (IMT) / bined Transportation (ICT)
Parcel Post Transportation
Inland Waterway Transportation
Pipeline Transportation
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Ocean Transportation
Advantages
Large capacity
Low cost
Easy passage: not restricted by road or rails
Disadvantages
Slow
Vulnerable to bad weather
Less punctual
Types of ocean transportation
Liner transportation
Charter transportation
98% of world trade in volume terms conveyed by sea transport
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Liner transportation
Characteristics of Liner
regular scheduled departures
specified route
routes with fixed base ports
comparatively fixed freight rates
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Types of liners
Conference liners
Freight rate quoted by shipping conference
Stable freight rates
Regular services
Non-conference liners
Freight rate quoted by independent carriers or vessel operators
Less dependable service
High flexibility
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Liner Freight
Inclusive of the loading and unloading cost
Inclusive of other costs such as demurrage or dispatch position of liner freight
Basic freight
Surcharges and aditionals
Calculation formula of liner freight
Total Freight
= Total Quantity x Basic Rate x (1+Surcharge / Additional Rates)
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Criteria for calculating basic freight
W (weight ton) – calculated per metric ton on weight, suitable for