文档介绍：非谓语动词
-ing分词分句(表主动,进行)
1) –ing分词分句的结构模式
–ing分词分句可分为不带主语和连词的,带连词的,带主语的三种。
a) 不带主语和连词的–ing分词分句
这种情况下,–ing分词分句的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语。
much work to do, I left the party before it ended.
b) 带连词的–ing分词分句
有时,–ing分词分句可以带有连词。带连词的–ing分词分句的逻辑主语也是主句的主语。
. Whensleeping, I never hear a thing.
Whether working or sleeping, I always haveher in my mind.
Though understanding no Greek, Charles wasable municate with them.
c) 带主语的–ing分词分句
–ing分词分句也能带有自己的主语,这有以下几种情况:
①–ing分词分句做宾语时:
. Doyou mind my/ me making a suggestion?
My parents object to my /me going out alone.
②–ing分词分句做介词补足成分即介词宾语时:
. I amannoyed about John/ John’s forgetting to pay.
I really care about your/ you being absentfrom my class.
③–ing分词分句做主语时:
. Yourfailing to hand position is the major reason why I call you here.
④–ing分词分句作独立主格结构时:
. Thelast bus having gone, we had to walk home.
Some many members being absent, the meetinghad to be called off.
此时,having been 和being有时可以省略。
. Thequestion (having been) settled, the meeting ended.
这样,句子就变成-ed分词分句了.
独立结构有时也可以由介词with引出。
. Hesat with his arms hanging straight down by his sides.
2) –ing分词分句的句法功能
a) –ing分词分句和不定式一样都可以在句中做主语,宾语,主语补足语和宾语补足语,有时意义没有区别,有时意义略有不同。
a plane is dangerous. / To fly a plane is dangerous.
I like getting up early. / I like to get up early.
Our duty is to serve the people heart and soul. /Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.
b) –ing分词分句可在句中作状语,表示多种意义。
时间状语:While flying over the channel, hesaw a ship sinking.
原因状语:You will make yourself more tired,keeping on your feet.
让步状语:Knowing all this, they stillinsisted on my paying for the damage.
结果状语:It rained heavily, causing severeflooding in that area.(主要用于表示导致的动词及动词短语)
伴随状语:He ran up to her, breathingheavily.(当句子有两个动词,可以把第二个动词处理成ing分词)
另外,–ing分词分句的形式可分为:
Exercise:
1. 她坐在那里一声不响,泪水顺着面颊留下来。
2. 我们开始敲门,以为那就是他的住所。
3. 由于太兴奋,他不知道说什么好。
-ed分词
1) –ed 分词分句的结构模式。–ed 分词分句可分为不带主语和连词的;带连词的;带主语的三种。
a) 不带主语和连词的–ed 分词, 在这种情况下,–ed 分词逻辑主语必须