文档介绍：句子成分
句子由各个部分构成,这些组成部分叫做句子成分(members of sentence), 总的来说,句子皆由两大部分组成。一是主语部分( subject group),一是谓语部分( predicate group).
例如:
1. The People’s Republic of China was born in 1949.
2. The weather was quite nice.
主语:主语(subject) 是一个句子的主题( theme), 是句子所述说的主体。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主语的有单词、短语、从句乃至句子。
名词作主语。如:A tree has fallen across the road. (一棵树倒下横在路上。)
Little streams feed big rivers. ( 小河流入大江。)
代词用作主语。如:You’re not far wrong. (你差不多对了)。
He told a joke but it fell flat. (他说了个笑话,但没有引人发笑
数词用作主语。如:Three is enough. 三个就够了。
Four from seven leaves three. 7减4余3。
名词化的形容词用作主语。
The idle are forced to work. 懒汉被迫劳动。
Old and young marched side by side. 老少并肩而行。
副词用作主语。如:Now is the time. 现在是时候了。
Carefully does it. 小心就行。
名词化的介词作主语。如:The ups and downs of life must be taken as e.
我们必须承受人生之沉浮。
不定式用作主语。如:To find your way can be a problem.
你能否找到路可能是一个问题。
It would be nice to see him again.
如能见到他,那将是一件愉快的事。
动名词用作主语。如:Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。
Watching a film is pleasure, making one is hard work.
看电影是乐事, 制作影片则是苦事。
名词化的过去分词用作主语。如:The disabled are to receive more money.
残疾人将得到更多的救济金。
The deceased died of old age.
死者死于年老。
10. 介词短语用作主语。如:To Beijing is not very far. 到北京不很远。
From Yenan to Nanniwan was a three-hour ride on horseback.
从延安到南泥湾要三个小时。
从句用作主语。如: Whenever you are ready will be fine.
你无论什么时候准备好都行。
Because Sally wants to leave doesn’t mean that we have to.
不能说萨利要走因而我们也得走。