文档介绍：高中英语句法知识总结
句子:
简单句结构:一个主语(或有两个以及两个以上的并列主语)+一个谓语(或有两个或两个以上的并列谓语)
主系表;主谓;主谓宾;主谓间宾直宾;主谓宾宾补
复合句分为并列复合句和主从复合句。
并列复合句指的是用连词连接两个或两个以上的简单句,其结构:为:简单句+并列连词+简单句。常用并列连词:and, or, but, not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…, so, nor/neither
例如:
The spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak.
Some are wise and some otherwise.
Neither could theory do without practice, nor could practice do without theory.
You may lead a horse to the water but you cannot make him drink.
主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。不同的词类在句子中充当不同的句子成分,以句子的形式充当句子成分的句子既是主从复合句。既从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语和状语。所以从句可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三大类。
名词性从句
名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句四种。
引导名词性从句的词语有:
从属连词:that, whether, if
疑问代词:who, which, whose, what
疑问副词:when, where, how, why
关系代词:what(the things that), whatever(anything that), whoever(anybody who), whichever
主语从句
以句子的形式在句子中充当主语,例如:
That things will improve is obvious.
Whether he’ing (or not) doesn’t matter very much.
Who said that is not important.
Which one is correct is hard to say.
Whose side she is on is not quite clear.
What made him do so is a mystery. (what做疑问代词)
What matters most is good health. (what做关系代词)
When and where the meeting will be held is not yet fixed.
How she got wounded at work should be investigated.
Why we should develop education is not a question.
Whoever said that was lying.
Whatever you give is fine with me.
Whichever of you gains the most points wins petition.
Notes:
主语从句前面的that不能省略。主语从句虽然可以位于主句谓语动词之前,但多数情况下用先行词it作形式主语,将that(包括其他引导词引导的)主语从句后置。在后置的主语从句中,that常可省略。
例如:
It is your own concern whether you believe me or not.
It doesn’t matter much who does it as long as it is done.
It is surprising how many unhappy marriages there are.
It is a mystery what he sees in her.
It wasn’t very clear what she meant.
whether 和if 的用法应有所区别:引导主语从句、表语从句和介词后面的宾语从句时,必须用whether;引导动词后面的宾语从句和否定结构的“be+形容词+宾语从句”(如not certain, not sure等)的时候,whether 和if 两者都可。但是,discuss等动词后的宾语从句用whether引导而不用if。如果对这两个从属连词没有把握,用whether为宜。
what 既可以作疑问代词,也可以作关系